Term
| ABSTRACT ABD CONCRETE ATTITUDES |
|
Definition
| abstract attitudes are ideas that are consistent with mainstream societal views, while concrete attitudes are ideas that are based on actual experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DISPARITY ON A NUMBER OF EDUACTIONAL MEASURES BETWEEN THE PERFORMANCE OF GROUPS OF STUDENTS, ESPECIALLY GROUPS DEFINED BY GENDER, RACE, ETHNICITY, ABILITY, AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tesis that clack students do not aspire to or strive to get good grades because it is perceived as acting white |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief in romantic attachment as a basis for contracting marriage ties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a phenomenon in which many rural areas have disproportionately high numbers of older adults because young persons seek opportunities elsewhere and leave the older persons behind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sense that our own abilities as human beings are taken over by other entities. the term was originally used by karl marx to refer to the projection of human powers onto gods. subsequently he used the term to refer to the loss of workers control over the nature and products of their labor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sense that our own abilities as human beings are taken over by other entities. The term was originally used by marx to refer to the projection of human powers onto gods, subsequently he used the term to refer to the loss of workers control over the nature and products of their labor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| production process monitored and controlled by machines with only minimal supervision from people. |
|
|
Term
| BIOMEDICAL MODEL OF HEALTH |
|
Definition
| the set of principles underpinning western medical systems and practiices. The biomedical model of health defines diseases objectively, in accordance withholding the presence of recogniz3ed symptoms, and believes that the healthy body can be restore though scientifically based medical treatment. The human body is likened to a machine that can be returned to working order with the proper repairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of body fat based on height and weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an economic system based on the private ownership of wealth, which is invested and reinvested in order to produce profit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describing the inspirational quality capable of capturing the imagination and devotion of a mass of followers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large bodies of people belonging to an established religious organization. the term is also used to refer to the place in which religious ceremonies are carried out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of religious beliefs through which a society interprets its own history in light of some conception of ultimate reality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two people living together in a sexual relationship of some permanence without being married to one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a concepts used by Mauel Castells to refer to processes of urban consumption such as the buying and selling of property |
|
|
Term
| COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE |
|
Definition
| a diverse set of approaches and therapies for treating illness and promoting wellbeing that generally falls outside standard medical practices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an agglomeration of towns or cities into an unbroken urban environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| business firms or companies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| environment made up of constructions established by human beings to serve their needs, derived from the use of manmade technology including roads, railways, factories, offices, private homes and other buildings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| statistical measures representing the number of births within a given population per year, normally calculated in terms of the number of birth per 1000 members |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| statistical measures representing the number of deaths, that occur annually in a given population per year, normally calculated as the ratio of deaths per 1000 members. Crude death rates give a general indication of the mortality levels of a community or society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fragmentary religious groupings to which individuals are loosely affiliated but that lack any permanent structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the advantages that well do to parents usually provide their children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who draw from both their home culture and mainstream culture to create an attitude that allows them to succeed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electronic networks of interaction between individuals at different computer terminals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an interpretation of population change that holds that a stable ratio of births to deaths to achiev3ed once a certain level of economic prosperity has been reached. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a religious sect that has lost its revivalist dynamism and become an institutionalized body, commanding the adherence of significant numbers of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a period during which the political influence of established Religions is successfully challenged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the specialization of work tasks by means of which different occupations are combined within a production system. All societies have at least some rudimentary form of division of labor especially between the tasks allocated to men and those performed by women. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time it takes for a particular level of population to double |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the field of urban analysis, a perspective emphasizing the natural distribution of city neighborhoods into areas having contrasting characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fact that in the division of labor individuals depend on others to produce many of the goods they need to sustain their lives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the system of production and exchange that provides for the material needs of individuals living in a given society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself or others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the owner/ founder of a business firm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their natural environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the distribution and incidence of disease and illness within a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of Protestantism characterized by a belief in spiritual rebirth(being born again) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involving a geometric, rather than linear, rate of progression; producing experiencing such growth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family group consisting of more than two generations of relative living either within the same household or very close to one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of individuals related to one another by blood ties, marriage, or adoptions who form and economic unit, the adult members of which are responsible for the upbringing of children. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capitalistic enterprise owned and administered by interneural families |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the families individuals initiate through marriage or by having children. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the number of children that is biologically possible for a woman to produce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the average number of live born children produced by women of childbearing age in a particular society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process in which computers design customized products for a mass market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the system of production pioneered by henry ford in which the assembly line was introduced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group within evangelicalism that is highly is highly antimodern in many of its beliefs, adhering to strict codes of morality and conduct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the difference between women and men especially as reflected in social political intellectual cultural or economic attainments or attitudes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process of urban renewal in which older, deteriorated housing is refurbished by affluent people moving into the area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a standard measure of a country economic disparity where O represents perfect equality (everyone has the sane income) and 1 represents maximum inequality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a city such as London, NY, or Tokyo that has become an organizing center of new global economy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a state of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infimity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ones capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traits of behavior or attitudes that are learned at school but not included in the formal curriculum for examples gender differences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organizations or work settings in which individuals are permitted a great deal f autonomy and control over work task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an irrational fear of or disdain for homosexuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unpaid work carried out in the home, usually by women domestic chores such as cooking cleaning and shopping also called domestic labor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of infants who die during the first year of life per 1000 live births |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic tranactions carried on outside the sphere of orthodox paid employment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the state of people who have little or no access to information technology, such as computers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the areas composing the central neighborhoods of a city as distinct from the suburbs. in many modern urban setting in the developed world, inner city areas are subject to dilapidation and decay, with the more affluent residents having moved to outlying areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capitalistic enterprise organized on the basis of institutional shareholding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| level of intellectual ability, particularly measured by IQ tests |
|
|
Term
| INTERNATINAL DIVISION OF LABOR |
|
Definition
| the specialization in producing goods for the world market that divides regions into zones of industrial or agricultural production or high or low skilled labor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a score attained on tests of symbolic or reasoning abilities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relation that links individuals through blood ties, marriage, or adoption. kinship relations are by definition part of marriage and the family but extend much broadly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a society no longer based primarily on the production of material goods but instead on the production of knowledge. its emergence has been linked to the development of a broad base of consumers who are technologically literate and have made new advances in the computing, entertainment, and telecommunications part of their lives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of years the average person can expect to live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the maximum length of life that is biologically possible for a member of a given species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organizational or work setting in which people are allowed little responsibility for or control over the work task. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term favored my Manuel Castells to describe large intensely concentrated urban spaces that serve as connection points for the global economy. it is projected that by 2015 there will be 36 megacities with populations of more than 8 million residents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a doctrine about population dynamics developed by Thomas Malthus, according to which population increase comes up against natural limits represented by famine and war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capitalistic enterprise administered by managerial executives than by owners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a socially approved sexual relationship between two inndividuals. marriage almost always involves two persons of opposite sexes, but in some cultures, types of homosexual marriage are tolerated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family system in which the husband is expected to live near the wife's parents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the city of all cities in ancient Greece used in modern times to refer to very large conurbations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of marriage in which each married partner is allowed only one spouse at any given time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the domination of a single firm in a given industry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of deaths in a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general term to describe the diverse spectrum of beliefs and practices oriented on inner spirituality. paganism, eastern mysticism, shamanism, alternative forms of healing and astrology are all examples of new age activities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the broad range of religious and spiritual groups, cults, and sects that have emerged alongside mainstream reigions. New religious movements range from spiritual and self help groups within the new age movement to exclusive sects such as the Hare Krishnas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family group consisting of a wife, a husband or on of these and dependent children. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive body weight indicated by a body mass index |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an form of paid employment in which an individual regularly works. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the domination of a small number of firms in a given industry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a business practice that ends production of materials to factories around the world. the components of one final product often originate from many different countries and then are sent elsewhere to be put together and sold. Factories from different countries must compete with one another to obtain business. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family system in which the wife is expected to live near the husbands parents. |
|
|
Term
| PERSONALITY STABILIZATION |
|
Definition
| according to the theory of functionalism, the family plays a crucial role in assisting its adult members emotionally. marriage between adult men and women is the arrangement through which adult personalities are supported and kept healthy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of marriage in which a woman may simultaneously have two or more husbands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of marriage in which a person may have two or more spouses simultaneously. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of marriage in which a man may have simultaneously have two or more wives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief in two gods or more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| workers who possess a diversity of skills or qualifications and are therefore able to move easily from job to job. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period characterized by the transition from mass industrial production, using fordist methods to more flexible forms of production favoring innovation and aimed at meeting market demands for customized products. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which children learn the cultural norms of the society into which they are born. primary socialization occurs largely in the family. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| techniques for influencing the human reproductive process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describing that which belongs to the mundane, everyday world |
|
|
Term
| RATES OF POPULATION GROWTH OR DECLINE |
|
Definition
| a measurement of population growth calculated by subtracting the yearly number of deaths per 1000 from the number of births per 1000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of beliefs adhered to by the members of a community, incorporating symbols regarded with a sense of awe or wonder together with ritual practices. Religions do not universally involve a belief in supernatural entities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theoretical framework within the sociology of religion that argues that religions can be fruitful understood as organizations in competition with one another for followers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theoretical framework within the sociology of religion that argues that religions can be fruitful understood as organizations in competition with one another for followers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associations of people who join together to seek to spread a new religion or to promote a new interpreting of an existing religion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the linking of strongly held religious convictions with beliefs about a peoples social and political densitny |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that which inspires attitudes of awe reverence among believers in agile set of religious ideas |
|
|
Term
| SECOND DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION |
|
Definition
| a new demographic model that calls for fertility rates that may continue to fall because of shifts in family structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| religious movements that break away from orthodoxy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| worldly thinking particularly as seen in the rise of science technology and rational that in general |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process of decline in the influence of religion. Although modern societies have become increasingly secularized, tracing the extent of secularization is a complex matter. It can refer to levels of involvement with religious organizations such as rates of church attendance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term associated with the functionalist Talbott Parsons to describe the patterns of behavior that a sick person adopts in order to minimize the disruptive impact of his illness on others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process in which phenomena that used to be natural or given in nature become social in that they depend on our personal decisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a field that explores and debates the importance of biological versus social and cultural influences on human sexual behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a field that focuses on how our bodies are affected by social influences. Health and illness, for instance are determined by social and cultural influences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a situation in which all students take the same test under the same conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family in which at least one partner has children from a precious marriage living either in the home or nearby. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that when African american students believe they are being judged not as individuals but as members of a negatively stereotyped social group they will do worse on tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees in order to express a grievance or enforce a demand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the development of suburbia areas of housing outside inner cities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the limiting of economic growth to proceed only insofar as natural resources are recycled rather than depleted; biodiversity is maintained; and clean air, water, and land are protected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of ideas, also referred to as "scientific management, developed by Frederic winslow taylor, involving simple coordinated operations in industry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a belief in one or more supernatural deities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups who exercise control over their members by making them subsume there individual identities in that of the group, compelling them to adhere to stick ethical codes or rules and sometimes forcing them to withdraw from activity in the outside world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dividing students into groups that receive different instruction on the basis of assumed similarities in ability or attainment. |
|
|
Term
| TRASNATIONAL OR MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS |
|
Definition
| business corporations located in two or more countries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statistic that represents the number of union members as a percentage of the number of people who could potentially be union members. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an approach to the study of urban life based on an analogy with the adjustment of plants and organisms to the physical enviorment. according to ecological theorists, the various neighborhoods and zones within cities are formed as a result of natural processes of adjustment on the part of populations as they compete for resources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of renovating deteriorating neighborhoods by encouraging the renewal of old buildings and the construction of new ones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term used by Louis Wirth to denote distinctive characteristics of urban social life such as its impersonality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the development of towns and cities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the practice by which large corporations protect their employees from the vicissitudes of the market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| THE ACTIVITIES BY WHICH people produce from the nature world and so ensure their survival |
|
|
Term
| WORLD ACCOMMODATING MOVEMENT |
|
Definition
| religious movements that emphasize the importance of inner religious life and spiritual purity over worldly concerns |
|
|
Term
| WORLD AFFIRMING MOVEMENTS |
|
Definition
| religious movements that seek to enhance followers ability to succeed in the outside world by helping them unlock their human potential |
|
|
Term
| WORLD REJECTING MOVEMENTS |
|
Definition
| religous movements that are exclusive in nature, highly critical of the outside world and demanding of their members. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the families into which individuals are born |
|
|
