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Definition
small number of pple who interact in direct personal, and intimate ways, facilitated by
1) face-to-face contact
2) smallness of size
3) frequent and intense contact |
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| impersonal, segmental, and utilitarian contacts; many involve school, work, and communities; basically are goal oriented rather than person oriented (like primary group) |
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| marriage w/in own clan, ttribe, village. ex. religious endogamy |
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| marriage outside of one group |
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| marriage to a single spouse at one time |
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| marriage to several/many individuals |
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| remarriage, happens after divorce or death of a spouse |
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| may/may not include marriage partners but consists of any 2/more persons related to one another by birth, marriage, or adoption; husband, wife and young children |
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| family unit in which the first and most basic socialization processes occur; family that you are born into |
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| composed of individual, his/her spouse, and their chidlren |
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| family structures that extend beyond the uclear family; at least 3 generation living under the same roof |
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| Neuclear Families in Sweden |
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Definition
1. low rate of marriage
2. high rate of cohabitation
3. high rate of family dissolution
4. small household size
5. extensive move of mothers into the labor force
Many females still want to have kids and fathers and mothers take parental leave more than anyone else in the world.
the Swedish women's movement has never had much of antifamily sentiment found in US movement. while form or structure has changed and will likely continue to do so, families are alive and well in Sweden |
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| helps to preserve male power in a society on concentrating property resources among men |
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| unilineal system that traces the lineage though the female line; found much less frequently |
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| power and property are transferred through both the mother's and father's lines to both males and females; more equality exists bt. the sexes; the system of descent most prevalent in modern societies (like US) |
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| where the couple live after marriage |
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| bride changes residence and lives w/ or close proximity to the parents of the groom |
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| newlywed couple lives w/ or close proximity to parents of the bride; much less frequently found |
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| couple lives in a home of their own that may be located apart form both sets of parents |
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Term
| Extended Families in China |
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Definition
China used to have clans and then revolutionary government destroyed it. Now the extended family changed
1. arrange marriage is less common
2. women are treated more equitably by their co-residing mothers-in law
3. greater autonomy for both parent and child generations
4. population control of one child policy may impact on presence of grandchildren and eventual effects on number and possibly gender of adult children
5. parents w/ only one child are more likely to prefer co-residence than those w/ more than one and only children are especially likely to live w/ parents |
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Term
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Definition
relationship bt. religious system and family system has been reciprocal.
- multidimentional
1. beliefs- different religious groups have different beliefs about the nature of men and women, proper forms of relationships, appropriateness and moral correctness of different types of behaviors, nature of relationships and world around them through filtered lenses of their religious beliefs
2. religious practices- prayer and outward expressions of faith. such practices may be critical to families making successful adjustments to potentially stress-producing situations
3. religious community- through involvement in religion, individuals and families develop extensive networks outside their family that can serve as important sources of support in times of need, where most of the positive outcome comes from
some negative effects
- religious institutions exercise influence over behaviors such as intercourse risk and contraceptive use is clear,, more accepting of spousal abuse
- religious parents tend to be more authoritarian, less open-minded, and less flexible, may function under stable environmental conditions, can lead to negative consequences for children and less effective in modern societal contexts |
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Term
Discipline
- anthropology
- biology
- child development
- demography
- gerontology
- law
- psychology
- religion
- sociology |
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Definition
- anthropology- families in developing societies; cross-cultural studies; evolution; kinship
- biology- human growth; genetics; conception and reproduction
- child development- infant growth; learning; personality formation
- demography- marriage, birth, and divorce rates; mobility patterns
- gerontology- family life of the elderly; intergenerational links; kin-support system
- law- marriage; divorce; abuse; adoption; welfare; child custody
- psychology- interpersonal relationships; learning; human development
- religion- morality; marriage vows; love; sex; religious training
- sociology- family systems; interpersonal relationships; social change |
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Term
| Looking glass self (mirror)- Cooley |
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Definition
| uses mirror (society interactions w/ other pple). we observe ourselves, what other pple are saying about us, how they bhave toward us. we see their actions reflected in giant mirrow. if pple are reacting to us in charming way, we see ourselves in that way, if it's negative, we will see ourself differently too. we internalize how pple react towards us. according to Cooley emergin through process of social interaction |
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Definition
| draws some from Colley (both focus on how self emerges) more social psychological. we learn to take the role of the other- ability to put ourselves in someone else's place to see ourselves more clearly |
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Term
structural -functional frame of reference
AKA functionalism |
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Definition
| dominant theoretical orientation sociology up until 1970s, but is still used today |
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Definition
| explicitly stated and and recognized by members of our society; ex. college purpose is to get a good job |
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Definition
more indirect and less recognized;
ex. college- provides context for meeting potential marriage partners, keep unemployed young pple off the streets |
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Definition
| individuals' motivations to participate in the system and fulfill their role , responsibilities |
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Definition
| form of social solidarity found in preindustrial societies and based on the commonality of life experiences and values |
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Definition
| type of social solidarity found primarily in industrial societies in which individuals have become so differentiated in tehir role responsibilities that the only basis for cooperation is a sense of their interdependence |
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Definition
| way in which a group divides up, or specializes the completion of, essential survival and maintenance tasks |
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Definition
| social roles that require nonemotional, rational behavior such as working outside the home, managing money, and fixing machinery |
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Definition
| social roles that require emtional involvement and expressiveness, such as caring for children, preparing meals to sustain health, and generally meeting the emotional needs of family embers |
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Term
| social conflict frame of reference |
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Definition
| perspective of society that views conflict as natural, permanent, and inevitable and as a significant source of social change |
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Term
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Definition
now when families move to a new country, they can use technology to stay in touch even though they are not physically present
Challenges that must be confronted
1. recognize unique ways that transnational families construct meaning in their lives. important not to romanticize strength of community ties.relational stress can occur b/c separations are difficult and can cause high levels of guilt and resentment in family members. family reunions will not always be amicable. members can be strangers to one another due to prolonged separations. don't expect "family" type interactions to disappoint. result- spousal and family relations may become more strained as members lack a shared set of values related to their gender and age position in family
2. community context- transnational families "rebuild" their home culture. positive- establish support networks and fend against discrimination. negative- inhibit integration and sustain cultural values inconsistent w/ their new social context
3. recognize that transnational families often are faced w/ high levels of discrimination, suspicion, and subordination. issues of power and identity are likely to be significant, exp when it comes to contact w/ agencies or persons of authority in the receiving culture |
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Term
functionalism
- assumptions
- analysis of family
- manifest functions
- latent functions
- functions of the family |
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Definition
- assumptions- believe that in society, religion, marriage and family, law have a function that interrelate
- analysis of family- how social structures relate to each other and how consequences of phenomena like maternal employment affect relationships at home and the society
- manifest functions- obvious and intended
- latent functions- hidden, not intended
- functions of the family- in traditional family, it took care of the sick, recreation focused around family socialization of children began at home. life and death occurred at home. now that times have changed, children spend more time in institutions many more pple are caregiving who teach children |
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Term
conflict theory
- assumptions
- analysis of family
- social inequality
- conflict
- exploitation
- power/powerlessness |
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Definition
- assumptions- focus on inequality w/in family
- analysis of family- if it's patrilineal, women are vulnerable and subordinate, men can use this to garner great control in women's modesty, virginity, sexuality, mobility
- social inequality- men can ask for divorce or bring in another women while women are stuck w/ one man. men have more flexibility
- conflict- bt. who is in power and who gets to make decisions
- exploitation- of women, the powerless
- power/powerlessness- creates domination for one party and can cause exploitation |
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Term
symbolic interactionism
- assumptions
- analysis of family
- symbols
- meaning
- social interaction
- development of self
- Cooley's looking glass self
- Mead's role taking |
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Definition
- assumptions- putting meaning on a symbol
- analysis of family- obtaining sense of self through family. family can be a symbol where pple interact w/ one another constantly
- symbols- love- trying to understand prevalence of divorce on symbol of romantic love. sometimes this is no foundation for marriage
- meaning- meaning of divorce has changed. used to be bad and now it's acceptable if the marriage was bad or abusive.
- social interaction- families have to communicate often to function. communication- language, nonverbally, silence, get a sense of self this way
- development of self- first through family. now it's more institutions like school and society
- Cooley's looking glass self- like a mirror, what other pple say about us, we think we are. if good we feel good about ourselves, if bad, we feel bad about ourselves
- Mead's role taking- stepping into other pple's shoes to view ourselves. |
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Term
family violence and abuse
- physical abuse
- emotional abuse
- sexual abuse
- neglect
- victims: spouses/partners, children, elders, siblings
- why do adults remain in abusive relationship? |
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Definition
- physical abuse- familiar w/ b/c we can see it. ex. children beaten, wife battered
- emotional abuse- harder to understand b/c we can't see it. can go hand in hand w/ physical. words, how you treat pple, isolation, neglect
- sexual abuse- pple are abused sexually
- neglect
- victims: spouses/partners, children, elders, siblings
- why do adults remain in abusive relationship?
love- love and violence can coexist. there are times when perpetrator can be kind, sweet and beg for forgiveness and it will not happen again
emotion dependency- keeping the victim emotionally dependent "look at you, you'll never find someone better than me"
- fear of what would ahppen to your children.
- guilt- if you leave me, i'm going to kill myself. shame of family name if it's publicized, what's going to happen next
- commitment- "for better or for worse", through religion, if broken it breaks commitment to marriage and commitment to religion
- rationalizing violence- explains violent behavior "if only... i kept a cleaner household, more money, etc."
- hope- cling that they can change a person, hope for a time when it will end
economic dependency- no independence source of income or livelihood; with income comes health insurance |
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Term
divorce
- social factors and divorce
- Bohanan's 6 station of divorce |
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Definition
- social factors and divorce
-- stress on the nuclear family
- changes like illness, joblessness, birth of a child, changes in community support groups, overemphasis on romantic love, change in meaning of divorce, now divorce doesnt' mean failure, simplification of the divorce process, availability of role models now that more pple are making it out alive
- Bohanan's 6 station of divorce
--emotional divorce
--legal divorce
--economic divorce
--coparental divorce
--community divorce
--psychic divorce |
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Term
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Definition
America is a youth based culture so the older you get the more you have to do to look and feel younger. But growing old can be graceful like Tuesdays with Mory.
- different kinds of grandparenthood
-- active- acting like parents
-- companionate- leisure time
-- remote- distant |
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Term
| Children and New Reproductive Technologies |
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Definition
| redefine marriage, who the mother, father, grandparents are. Stories like surrogate mother, non-natural conception of children. |
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Term
homelessness
- marriage and families |
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Definition
- addiction issues
- mentally ill
- escape abuse in home- young children
- divorced women w/ young children (feminization of poverty)
- natural disaster
- unemployment
- does homelessness cuase mentally ill pple or are mentally ill pple more prone to homelessness |
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Term
Gentry Family in Traditional China
- Influence of confucianism: 5 cardinal relationships
- three obediences for women
- the desire for sons
- respect for ancestors
- filial piety
- differential socialization of girls and boys
- role of concubine |
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Definition
- Influence of confucianism: 5 cardinal relationships- 1. husband and wife 2. parent and children 3. older to younger sibling 4. emperor to subjects 5. friend to friend
- three obediences for women
-- as a young girls- obedient to father
-- after marriage- obedient to husband
-- after widowed- obedient to son relationship of reciprocity
- the desire for sons- b/c sons continue the lineage. son secure place in a family for women
- respect for ancestors- "we are here today b/c of our ancestors. now respect them" mentality.
- filial piety- sons have to be more filial when parents grow old in his house while daughters grow older and get married off. so less filial piety
- differential socialization of girls and boys- girls were not as close to parents as boys were. boys were given more education and taken to take tests while girls just stayed home. boys get a couple years to goof off before marriage but girls just stay home
- role of concubine- bear children if wife cannot have babies, however, no status at all, personal pleasure even if wife already has children. wife is based on duty while concubine can be based on pleasure
- why not adopt? b/c no one would adopt girls and everyone wants boys even the poor would not give up their boy |
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Term
| Clan Role in Traditional China |
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Definition
cuntion
- corporate body
- have land holdings in their name
- some have greater economic power
- various classes in clan
- distribute money ex. fund education for a poor but gifted boy
- loans to poort family preparing marriage or funeral
- help in dispute if not resolved w/in the family
- act as administrators |
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Term
Vietnamese American Families
- The Trauma of War and Escape
- Rebuilding Family in America: different strategies used
- Kibrial concept of patchworking |
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Definition
- The Trauma of War and Escape- loss of occupation status, dislocation, downward mobility, language, certification of retraining like medicine. lack of community resources, sometimes men experience more impact and become ehhh b/c women are more likely to find jobs as sole breadwinner or supplementary by doing nails, beauty things
- Rebuilding Family in America: different strategies used. send youngest person to America and then reconnect later, most families did not move together, they moved separately, families break apart b/c of differences in thinking
- Kibria concept of patchworking- live collectively and everyone contributes different things. ex. grandma takes care of children and cook. aunt and friend works to provide for family, brother goes to school for education to earn more $, neice translate things for grandma who doesn't know english. there are economic and noneconomic ways. |
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Term
Japanese American Families
- Issei, Nisei, Sansei
- Internment of Japanese Am and effect on Family
- Kitano and Daniel's analysis of assimilation and identity |
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Definition
- Internment of Japanese Am and effect on Family
-- broken family apart and separated. women in women quarters and men in men quarters. they ate and lived separately. some children were able to leave camp b/c they got accepted into school.
- Kitano and Daniel's analysis of assimilation and identity-
-- Issei- Ethnic ID was high b/c of nature of Am. society at the time and b/c they wanted to keep who they were. Assimilation was low, question was were they allowed to assimilate? kept to traditional Jap. gender segregated lives. did not know much English
-- Nisei- ethnic ID was semi-high (only had stories to rely on since they were interned) assimilation was high b/c they were mostly bilingual, learned English and sent to Jap school, bicultural
-- Sansei- had low ethnic ID, Nisei did not send Sansei children to Jap school after the ww2 camp. high exogamy rate. assimilation was high |
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Term
religion, marriage and families
- examples from different religions
- focus on family
-family size
- mate selection
-inter-faith marriages
- gender roles
- religious socialization and identity formation |
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Definition
- examples from different religions- mormons- focus on family. church takes active role in promoting family to meet appropriate person, and be good Mormon, must marry another mormon.
confucianism- ancestors are remembered forever. at wedding, ancestors weregiven respect to, given seat to bless the wedding or buying/occupying a new home
- catholisism- huge problem w/ contraception b/c it interferes w/ reproduction
- orthodox judaism- try to follow rules more strictly and carefully. Practice of Shabbat for all Jewish pple. no electronics and distractions.
- focus on family
-- very family oriented. marriage and bringing in someone means more pple to the religion to replace the dead ones. future members are taken into account, why some religions prefer endogamy.
-family size
-- some don't believe in contraceptions so family size gets bigger
- mate selection- religion wants their members to marry each other to keep faith strong
-inter-faith marriages- marriage outside of own religion. having both religions in a wedding.
- gender roles- in most religions women are subordinate to the man
- religious socialization and identity formation |
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Term
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Definition
-assumption that parents know better. know children's weakness and strength to make a marriage work.
- traditional arranged marriage- children have no say in the arrangement
- modern- parents still choose and do the background check while the children have veto power
- criteria- have to be more matching. look at family size, physical attractiveness, economically stability |
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