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SOC301: Cultural Anthropology
Bradley University SOC301 Chapters 1-5 Exam 1
20
Sociology
Undergraduate 3
09/21/2009

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Term
agency
Definition
individuals abilities to reflect systematically on taken-for-granted cultural practices, to manage alternatives, and to take independent action to pursue goals of their own choosing
Term
animism
Definition
religious based on belief in the existence of such souls or spirit beings
Term
anthropology
Definition
the study of human nature, human society, and the human past
Term
archaeology
Definition
cultural anthropology of the human past, involving the analysis of the material remains of earlier human societies
Term
pidgin
Definition
language traditionally has been defined as a reduces language with a simplified grammar and vocabulary that develops when speakers of mutually unintelligible languages come into regular contact and so are forces to communicate with one another
Term
cultural anthropology
Definition
investigate how variation in the beliefs and behaviors of members of different human groups is shaped by culture, sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society
Term
culture
Definition
sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society
Term
emic
Definition
categories devised by native speaker-informants
Term
etic
Definition
categories devised by outside researchers
Term
enculturation
Definition
the social processes through which children come to adopt the ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving considered appropriate for adults in their culture
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
using the practices of your own "people" asa yardstick to measure how well the customs of other, different peoples measure up.
Term
ethnology
Definition
the comparative study of two or more ways of life
Term
language
Definition
the systems of arbitrary vocal symbols we use to encode our experience of the world and of one another
Term
liguistic anthropology
Definition
the branch of anthropology concerned with the study of human languages
Term
rite of passage
Definition
occurs when one or more members of a society are ritually transformed from one kind of social person into another
Term
myths
Definition
stories whose truth seems self-evident because they do such a good job of integrating persona experiences with a wider set of assumptions about the way that society or the world in general must operate
Term
participant-observation
Definition
fieldworkers gain a group's social activities as well as by observing those activities as outsiders
Term
socioliguistics
Definition
the study of relation between language and society
Term
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Definition
the claim that the culture and through patterns of epople were strongly influenced by the language they spoke
Term
syncretism
Definition
a creative synthesis of old religious practices and new ones introduced from the outside, often by force
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