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| the scientific study in the way of which indiviuals are affected by soical situations. |
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| Attitude does not predict behavior-> behavior affects attitude. |
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| the tendency for us to exaggerate our ability to have forseen the outcome of an event only after the outcome is already known. |
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| their behavior has something to do with their underlying personality |
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| their behavior results from their situation not personally |
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"Folkways"-how individuals have to fit into society. Notion of norms(book) and believed in Darwinism.
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Look Glass Self- perception is formed by others.
Self Fulfilling Prophecy- changing other people's behavior as a result in the constraint of other's behavior. |
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| first psychologist to talk about social psych. wrote Prinicples of Soc Psych |
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developes the first research method in soc psych (Questionarre).
Prejudice- Social Distance Scale |
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Journal of Abnormal & Soc Psych
Personality and Social Psyc Journal |
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| first soc psychologist in Europe |
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All human beings have high self esteem
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| a sequence of steps that every discipline follows in order to gain knowledge. |
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| abstract statement about the world |
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| a statement of relationship between 2+ variables. |
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| any property of a phenenom that can differ in quality or quanity. |
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People tend to act in the same manner if in the same situation.
Agreement=normal
Disagreement= revealtion of personality |
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developed the sexist bias.
Men fail b/c lack of effort & succeed b/c of ability.
Women succeed b/c of luck, ease, high effort & fail b/c of lack of ability. |
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-Sucess= Internal/Stable ex smart
-failure= External/Unstable ex bad test, teacher, lack of effort
*we take credit for our successes, but dismiss failures. |
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-when the group succeeds it's b/c of me
-when it fails it's because of everyone else |
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people inflate their self image b/c there is no way to prove it to be factual or not.
-universal in the U.S-cultural phenomen
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| the individual is that the core of each person's life |
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the study of the lack and effects of a self serving bias
*people who lack a SSB tend to get sick more often |
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| showed that people with high self esteem live longer than people with low self esteem. |
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| 1,2,3 indivuals that document specific details |
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| ability to generalize; a subset of elements about which we wish to draw an inference. |
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| delibratly misleading subjects |
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| the cause in a cause/effect situation |
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| the effect or consecent, comes later in time |
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| mental shortcuts we rely on to process information (stereotyping) |
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| a cognitive structure that people use to organize their knowledge about the social world by theme or subject |
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| the more recently you have engaged init, the quicker it comes to mind. |
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| eyewitness testimoney; overconfidence-being more confident than correct |
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dismiss, distort, or modify information
used 70% of the time |
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altering schema to match the information
used 30% of the time |
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| using information to confirm our beliefs |
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| Snyder and Usanowitz 1980 |
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| Backward reconsturctive- fitting the indivual into a schema |
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1. tell us what to focus on
2. what expectations to have
3. how to make sense of new situations |
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1. Schemas
2. Availabilty
3. Representativness
4. Illusory Correlation |
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| the more likely it comes to mind, the more frequent we think it is. |
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| Representativeness/ Base Rate Fallacy |
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| when people have both basic rate information and contradictory but representative information about the indiviual and they ignore the base rate information adnd judge only how representative the indiviual is of the category. ex. beach bum from ny |
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| the perception of a relationship where either none exists or its much weaker than perceieved. ex Mondays are the worse |
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| McFarland et al 1989,92,96 |
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| correlation of women's moods and status of mentursal cycle. |
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| the explanation we generate for other people's behavior. |
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| When does an attribution occur? |
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1. unexpected behavior
2. negative behavior
3. need to predict and control other's behavior
4. determine attitudes/ affect toward others |
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1. Distinctiveness
2. Consensus
3. Consistency
(Low; internal , High;External) |
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humans are biased to blame internal attributions.
-make inferences about personality based on behavior. |
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| subjects make same attributions whether the author's writing relects his beliefs or not |
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| People give other's extremes and not themselves because their own behavior is variable. |
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| Hi Consensus- we believe that most people would make same judgements in the situation (external) |
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| Sandwich sign. Students believed that other students would participate in the same fashion as them |
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