Term
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Definition
-addictive
-legal/illegal
-medical/recreational use
-mind/body altering |
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Term
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Definition
-materially: how its constructed, physically
-socially: minds, what they do, and what they are thought to do |
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Term
| essentialism vs constructionism |
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Definition
-essentialism: any drug that has psychoactive effects
-constructionism: drug that the law says is illegal |
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Term
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Definition
| -fixes an abnormality (penecillin) |
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Term
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Definition
-if possession and sale of substance is legal or illegal
-helps define person who uses illegal drugs |
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Term
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Definition
-study effects on the mind
-these drugs are usually only recreational (alcohol) |
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Term
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Definition
-use: simply the act of ingesting a substance or set of substances in any quantity with any frequency over any period of time
-abuse:the use of a substance to the point that is harmful or dangerous to the user's life, where the user threatens or undermines previously held values including health, safety, schooling, job, and relation with loved ones |
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Term
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Definition
-use: simply the act of ingesting a substance or set of substances in any quantity with any frequency over any period of time
-abuse:the use of a substance to the point that is harmful or dangerous to the user's life, where the user threatens or undermines previously held values including health, safety, schooling, job, and relation with loved ones |
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Term
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Definition
| -compulsive, repeated use of a substance whose basis is pos. reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
-legal instrumental: over the counter and pharmaeutical (aderol, Xanax)
-legal recreational: psychoactive substance is consumed in part to achieve a specific mental or psychic state (caffeine, tobacco... MOST HIGHLY ADDICTIVE)
-illegal instrumental: taking drugs without prescription, goal purpose is to get high, society will approve (studying for exam with aderol)
-illegal recreational: taking LSD to get high |
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Term
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Definition
-around 800 AD
-ingested plants that contained psychoactive ingredients
-took place in religious and ceremonial context or as medicine |
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Term
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Definition
-around 1800s
-beginning stages of opiates ~ such as morphine
-scientists learned to extract psychoactive chemicals from naturally occurring plants
-increased potency ~ codeine, the needle, Heroin |
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Term
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Definition
-20th century
-scientists began to create drugs entirely from chemicals not found in nature
-first barbituate drugs and amphetamines
-pharmacological revolution |
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Term
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Definition
-no medical utility
-high potential of abuse
-completely illegal
-possession ~ year sentence
EX: ecstasy, heroin, LSD, Peyote and Marijuana |
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Term
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Definition
-some medical utility
-high potential for abuse
-capable of getting high
-possession punishment ~ 1 year
EX: Morphine, Codeine, Oxycodone |
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Term
| Schedule III and IV Drugs |
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Definition
-really hard to categorize
-psycho-therapeutic (antipsychotic) ~ Halodol, Thorazine
-antidepressants ~ Zoloft, Prozac
-PCP ~ tranquilizer |
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Term
| drug action vs drug effect |
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Definition
-drug action: is specific and takes place at the molecular level ~ whats happening in your brain
-drug effect: nonspecific and more highly variable, and result from more than a given dose of a particular drug..consequences of taking specific drug |
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Term
| acute chronic distinction |
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Definition
-short and long term effects
-direct result: seen immediately from taking the drug (acute effects)
-indirect result: blame drug but not directly it (chronic effect) EX: heroin and needle deaths |
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Term
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Definition
-effective dose/lethal dose
-ratio measures its toxicity
-effective: how much needed to feel high etc
-lethal: how much needed to die |
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Term
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Definition
-need higher amount of drug to feel the effect
-pharmacological tolerance: refers to the fact that neurons become increasingly insensitive to a given drug
-cross-tolerance: refers to the fact that the same principle of diminishing effects that takes place for a given drug also applies to another drug within the same type
-behavioral tolerance: reflects how an experienced user learns to compensate for the effects of the given drug |
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Term
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Definition
-Metabolite: how body breaks down the substance
-YPLL: years of potential life loss |
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Term
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Definition
| -drug in blood: IV, oral, patches, smoking, intramuscular,intranasally |
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Term
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Definition
-societies standards
-availability and demand
-dose-response curve: relationship between the quantity of a drug that is taken and the measurable magnitude of a specific effect that each quantity produces |
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Term
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Definition
-potency: the quantity of a given drug that is required to produce a given effect; the smaller the quantity, the more potent the drug
-purity: percentage of original substance |
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Term
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Definition
-taking 2 drugs at once
-Antagonistic effect: 2 drugs cancel out each others effects
-Additive effects: 2 drugs taken together, when both taken together, the effects are the same as if twice as much of either had been taken
-Synergistic effects: 2 drugs taken together, their combined effects will be more than twice as great than if twice the quantity of either had been taken by itself |
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Term
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Definition
-physically addictive
-withdrawal
-cross dependence: the admin of a particular drug preventing withdrawal from another drug to which person is addicted to
-behavioral dependence: continuing to compulsively taking a drug in spite of a desire to stop and in spite of the harmful consequence to oneself and others
-physical dependence: the pharmacological capacity of a drug to cause withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
-Pavlov ~ conditioned response
-body become dependent and your conditioned to this behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| -biological theory of drug use that argues that, once certain people begin using narcotics, their body "needs" them to feel normal |
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Term
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Definition
- +/- reinforcement
-inadequate personality: peer rejection, school failure, low coping skills, parental neglect etc
-problem-behavior proneness: unconventional path, willingness to take risks |
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Term
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Definition
Anomie
-society encourages a certain performance
-small portion can meet performance standard
-drug dealing
-materialism income
Social Control Theory
-conventional beliefs/activities are absent
-absence of the social controls encouraging conformity causes drug use
Self Control
-motivated offender
-suitable target
-lack of guardian
Social Learning Theory
-use/selling is condoned/supported
1.use
2.perceive effects
Selective Interaction/Socialization
-parental>peers ~ differing ages
-you choose: parents and peers
-exposed to: school and media
Conflict Theory
-macro focus
-problems with power politics, economy
-result: increased drug use/selling
-rich richer, poor poorer |
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Term
| factual bias vs selection bias |
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Definition
-factual bias: false claims, facts are not right
-selection bias: focus on particular fact to slant story |
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Term
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Definition
-top down
-media distorted to better someone of higher class
-institutional dominance
-upper class controls media
-pos: money |
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Term
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Definition
-publishers motivated by profit
-sensationalize
-material trivial
-material irrelevant |
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Term
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Definition
-typical family/couple atmosphere
-interest and beliefs of the majority of the population
-majority of population determines what is advertised |
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Term
| Professional Subculture Theory |
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Definition
-professionals in the field have guidelines and boundaries too
-look at accuracy, verifying resources |
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Term
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Definition
| -show disturbing pics of people on drugs etc to deter use of drugs |
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Term
| Gov sources for statistics |
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Definition
ADAM (arestee drug abuse monitoring)
-only studies arestees
-study people who get caught
-crim offender way more likely to use drugs
-prob: people dont admit to it
DAWN (drug abuse warning network)
-only used in hospital settings
-studies medical complications
-# of emergency admissions due to drugs
-looks at cocaine, alcohol and heroin (big 3)
MTE (monitoring the future)
-high school student monitored
-look at lifetime prevalence
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
-most well known (door to door)
-struggles with funding
-include tobacco
-12 yrs and older |
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Term
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Definition
| -varying likelihoods of using drugs at diff ages in the life span |
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