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Soc final exam
Soc final
57
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2007

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

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Term

1950's suburban nuclear family

Definition
Coontz's definition of families in the 1950's. A husband and wife living under one roof
Term
absolute poverty
Definition
A person or family simply can't get enough to eat
Term
Alienation
Definition
Feelings of indifference or hostility not only to work but to the overall framework of industrial production, within a capitalist setting
Term
Assimilation
Definition
The process by which different cultures are absorbed into a single mainstream culture
Term
C. Wright Mills
Definition
wrote about the sociological imagination
Term
Bureaucracy
Definition
when compared to democracy, tends to be rooted in top-down policies and surveillance (Mcworld-y)
Term
Class
Definition
people who stand in a common relationship to the means of production. those who own the means of production (capitalists, industrialists) and those who earn a living by seliing labor to them (working force)
Term
blue collar
Definition
a member of the working class that performs manual labor for an hourly wage
Term
Clifford Geertz
Definition
Devoloped theory that societies could be interpretd through symbols.
Term
crime
Definition
any activity prohibited by the law
Term
cultural universals
Definition
an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all human cultures on the planet. (food, language, shelter, etc.)
Term
culture
Definition
the values, the language, the symbols, and the norms a certain group follows
Term
deviance
Definition
behavior falling outside acceptable range according to social norms and values
Term
double consciousness
Definition
coined by W.E.B. Du Bois, a way of talking about identity through the lens of the particular experiences of african americans
Term
Emile Durkheim
Definition
Saw society as a set of independent parts, each of which could be studied seperately (religion, political system, the family, educational system). all must work together and function as a whole
Term
ethnography
Definition
first hand studies of people
Term
exploitation
Definition
the act of using someone in an unjust, cruel or selfish manner for one's advantage
Term
family
Definition
a group of people directly linked by kin connections
Term
gender
Definition
social, cultural, psychological characteristics linked to male and female that define people as masculine or feminine.
Term
gender socialization
Definition
how we are taught to act, depending on our sex (girls play with dolls, boys with trucks)
Term
gentrification
Definition
when run-down buildings are renovated as more affluent groups move back into the city, this increases property value
Term
globalization
Definition
the fact that we all increasingly live in one world, so that individuals, groups, and nations become more interdependent
Term
industrialization
Definition
the emergence of machine production, based on inanimate power resources (like steam or electricity)
Term
industrialized societies
Definition
strongly developed nation-states in which the majority of the poplulation work in factories instead of agriculture, and most people live in urban areas
Term
information technologies
Definition
computers and electronic communication media such as the internet
Term
institutional racism
Definition
patterns of discrimination based on ethnicity that have become structured into existing social institutions
Term
interdependency
Definition
a relation of mutual dependence, action, or influence
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
most important changes were bound up in development of capitalism. devloped the materialist conception of history
Term
kinship
Definition
a relationship hat links people through blood ties, marriage, or adoption
Term
laws
Definition
a rule of behavior established by a political authority and backed by state power.
Term
marriage
Definition
a socially approved sexual relationship between two individuals
Term
means of production
Definition
the means whereby the production of material goods is carried on in a society, including not just technology but the social relations between producers
Term
mechanical solidarity
Definition
an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all human cultures on the planet
Term
Motown, stax, mussel shoals
Definition
motown - started in detroit
Stax - developed soul
mussel shoals - musical spot in alabama
Term
norms
Definition
rules of conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a given range of social situations
Term
organic solidarity
Definition
according to Emile Durkheim, the social cohesion that results from the various parts of a society functioning as an integrated whole
Term
patriarchy
Definition
the dominance of men over women
Term
Phillip Bourgouis
Definition
Ethnographer who wrote "crackhouse management". Worked and hung out at crack house
Term
pink collar
Definition
works in a relatively clean, safe environment, in a job that is considered traditionally female
Term
pluralism
Definition
ethnic cultures are given full validity to exist seperately, yet participate in the larger society's economic and political life
Term
postindustrial society
Definition
society based on the production of information rather than material goods
Term
postmodernism
Definition
the belief that society is no longer governed by history or progress.
Term
racial formation
Definition
the process by which the socio-historical designations of race are created and manipulated
Term
racialization
Definition
the process by which understandings of race are used to classify individuals or groups of people.
Term
roles
Definition
the expected behavior of a person occupying a particular social position
Term
segregation
Definition
the practices of keeping racial and ethnic groups physically seperate, therby maintaining the superior position of the dominant group
Term
sex
Definition
biologican characteristics distinguihshing male from female
Term
social stratification
Definition
the existence of structured inequalities between groups in society, in terms of their access to material or symbolic rewards.
Term
status
Definition
the social honor or prestige that a particular group is accorded by other members of a society
Term
Stephanie Coontz
Definition
wrote the paper on the nuclear family in the 1950's
Term
survey
Definition
a method of sociological research in which questionnares are administered to the population being studied
Term
the sociological imagination
Definition
the application of imaginitive thought to the asking and answering of sociological questions.
Term
urbanization
Definition
the development of towns and cities
Term
sociology
Definition
the scientific study of human behavior
Term
white collar
Definition
a salaried professional or a person whose job is clerical in nature
Term
Weber
Definition
in weber's view, economic factors are important, but ideas and values have just as much impact on social change
Term
W.E.B. Du Bois
Definition
first african american to earn doctorate at harvard. contributed the concept of "double conciousness" to sociology.
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