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Soc Exam
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57
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/13/2011

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Term
Sovereignty
Definition
the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory.
Term
Citizenship
Definition
the status of a citizen with rights and duties.
Term
Nationalism
Definition
Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
Term
Rights of Citizenship
Definition
Civil, Political and social are rights of ______________
Term
Democracy
Definition
 a political form of government in which governing power is derived from the people, either by direct referendum
Term
Autocracy
Definition
a form of government in which one person is the supreme power within the state
Term
Dictatorship
Definition
Government by a dictator
Term
Political Party
Definition
an organization to gain political power
Term
Political Action Group
Definition
An organization that raises money privately and employs lobbyists to influence legislation.
Term
Interest Groups
Definition
a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims
Term
The Elite Group
Definition
Who Runs America
Term
Voter Turnout
Definition
the total number of voters who participated
Term
Capitalism
Definition
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
Term
Socialism
Definition
A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole
Term
Monopoly
Definition
The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
Term
Oligopoly
Definition
A state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.
Term
Shared Monopoly
Definition
Certain parts of the monopoly targets certain people.
Term
MNC
Definition
a corporation or an enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country.
Term
Deindustrialization
Definition
A change from industry to other forms of activity.
Term
Shifting The Burden
Definition
Argument from ignorance, also known as argumentum ad ignorantiam or appeal to ignorance, is an informal logical fallacy;
Term
Underemployment
Definition
employed only part-time when one needs full-time employment or not making full use of your skills
Term
The Unemployment Rate
Definition
8.6% of people
Term
Welfare State
Definition
A system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens
Term
Alienation
Definition
Isolation from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved.
Term
Protestant Work Ethic
Definition
The necessity for hard work as a component of a person's calling and worldly success is a visible sign or result
Term
Intrinsic Rewards
Definition
Job satisfaction an employee experiences out of the pleasure of working in a rewarding job in a good company..
Term
Extrinsic Rewards
Definition
A reward, such as food, that is tangible and visible to others, and external
Term
Industrial Democracy
Definition
an arrangement which involves workers making decisions
Term
Human Relations
Definition
Relations with or between people, particularly the treatment of people in a professional context.
Term
Aggregate
Definition
A collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time
Term
Bureaucracy
Definition
A Large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency
Term
Anomie
Definition
A state of social strain, normative confusion, or rapid change in norms when people's behavior is no longer restrained by conventional norms.
Term
Elite Deviance
Definition
Includes all aspects of white-collar crime as well as other deviant acts perpetrated by those in power.
Term
Social Control
Definition
Mechanisms people use to enforce prevailing social norms
Term
Deterrence Theory
Definition
States that deviance will be deterred if negative social sanctions (especially Punishments) are perceived to be certain, swift, and severe
Term
Gender role Socialization
Definition
Learning of culturally defined Gender roles
Term
Misogyny
Definition
Hatred of women by men
Term
Androgyny
Definition
Showing characteristics of both sexes
Term
Anticipatory Socialization
Definition
The voluntary process of preparing to accept new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
Term
The Peter Principle
Definition
In A Hierarchy every employee tends to rise level of incompetence
Term
Parkinson's Law
Definition
Observations that work expands to fill the time available for it completion
Term
Coercion
Definition
The act of compelling by force of authority
Term
Traditional Authority
Definition
a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to tradition
Term
Legal-Rational Authority
Definition
a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to legal rationality
Term
Charismatic Authority
Definition
resting on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person,
Term
Instrumental Leaders
Definition
Goal Orientated Leader
Term
Expressive Leader
Definition
Group Leadership that emphasize collective well being
Term
Relativity of Deviance
Definition
The importance and definition of deviant acts differs as a result of the different factors behind the act
Term
Formal Sanctions
Definition
Sanctions are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law
Term
Informal Sanctions
Definition
A "reward" or "punishment" that is widely understood in a society but is not precisely defined
Term
Socialization
Definition
The act of establishing on a socialist basis
Term
Internalization
Definition
Learning that is incorporated within yourself
Term
Strata
Definition
A layer or a series of layers
Term
Status Group
Definition
A Three-component theory of stratification
Term
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Definition
an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family’s economic and social position relative to others, based on income, education, and occupation
Term
Cultural Hegemony
Definition
The philosophic and sociological concept
Term
The Glass Steagle Act
Definition
The Banking Act of 1933 was a law that established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the United States and introduced banking reforms,
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