Term
| The process of Gene Cloning |
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Definition
| the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism |
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Term
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Definition
Is an enzymes(the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain)
Usually using in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA for introduction into bacterial, plant, or animal cells. |
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Term
| Restriction Enzymes & Restriction Sites |
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Definition
is an enzyme that cuts double-stranded or single stranded DNA at specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites . By the high technology, it can make the large scale production of human insulin for diabetics.
Restriction Sites are locations on a DNA molecule containing specific sequences of nucleotides , which are recognized by restriction enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
DNA ligase is a specific type of enzyme which repairs single-stranded discontinuities in double stranded DNA molecules.
ATP is required for the ligase reaction, which proceeds in three steps: (1) adenylation (addition of AMP) of a residue in the active center of the enzyme, pyrophosphate is released; (2) transfer of the AMP to the 5' phosphate of the so-called donor, formation of a pyrophosphate bond; (3) formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 5' phosphate of the donor and the 3' hydroxyl of the acceptor. |
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Term
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Definition
It is an enzyme whose central function is associated with polymers of nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA . The primary function of a polymerase is the polymerization of new DNA or RNA against an existing DNA or RNA template in the processes of replication and transcription .
Helicase separating two annealed nucleic acid strands (ie, DNA , RNA , or RNA-DNA hybrid) using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis |
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