Term
| What are triggers for tsunamis (5) |
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Definition
-earthquakes that cause undersea uplift
-Underwater landslide
-Collapse of a volcano
-Submarine volcanic eruption
-Impact of extraterrestrial object |
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Term
| earthquakes caused by seafloor movement occur when earths oceanic crust does what. |
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Definition
| shifts up or down during a quake |
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Term
| what happens to sea water during the UP/DOWN movement of oceanic crust |
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Definition
| an entire mass of water is displaced |
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Term
| If an earthquake rupture uplifts the seafloor, the water surface above the uplift initially forms an________ parallel to the geologic fault. The dome _________ and generates a large tsunami. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the deep ocean, the tsunami moves very rapidly and are________. |
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Definition
| -Spaced long distances apart |
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Term
| When the tsunami nears land the water depth decrease, so what happens to the velocity of the tsunami? |
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Definition
| The tsunamis velocity decreases |
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Term
| what decrease the distance between wave crests |
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Definition
| the decrease in velocity when the tsunami hits shore |
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Term
do tsunamis appear as giant breaking waves when they hit Y/N.
what do they appear as if no. |
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Definition
| very strong and fast rising in sea level |
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Term
| The movement of a tsunami inland is called the ________. Run-up refers to the farthest ____________ distance that the largest wave of a tsunami moves inland |
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Definition
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Term
| Run-up refers to the farthest ____________ distance that the largest wave of a tsunami moves inland |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of wave travels back and forth parallel to shore. |
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Definition
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Term
what type of wave travels out across the deep ocean?
this type of wave can travel__________ of kilometers across the ocean to strike remote islands |
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Definition
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Term
what type of tsunami heads toward nearby land?
this type of tsunami can arrive___________ following an earthquake, and giving people little warning |
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Definition
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Term
land slides can happen underwater, and they are called what?
what comes from mountains that can cause tsunamis? |
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Definition
- submarine landslides
-large rock avalanches |
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Term
| a large landslide induced tsunami in lituya bay Alaska produced a wave ________ high. |
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Definition
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Term
| what areas along the coast are at greatest risks from tsunamis |
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Definition
| -areas in proximity to subduction zones, or across an ocean basin. |
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Term
| The greatest tsunami hazard, with return periods of _______, is adjacent to those major subduction zones with a convergence of ________ per a year. |
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Definition
- several hundreds of years
-a few centimeters |
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Term
What is the height of tsunamis that are considered significant?
these are produced by________ |
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Definition
-5 meters
-high magnitude quakes,submarine slides |
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Term
What are the primary effects of tsunamis?
can anything stand up against a high magnitude tsunami? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary effects of Tsunamis are______(3)_______? |
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Definition
| -fires, polluted water supplies, disease. |
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Term
| how does tsunami lung occur? |
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Definition
| by inhaling bacteria from muddy saltwater |
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Term
| coastal communities near the epicenter experience what types of damage. |
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Definition
| -Both ground shaking and Tsunami |
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Term
| Powerful tsunami waves interact with coastal processes to change the coastline through___(2)_____? |
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Definition
| - erosion, deposition of sediment |
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Term
| Tsunamis bring mass amounts of water onto land leaving________, and this will help/hinder ecosystems deprived of nutrients. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tsunamis will contribute to the general development to the________? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can be placed along the coast to buffer the impact of incoming tsunami waves. |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the seven strategies to minimize the tsunami hazard. |
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Definition
-detection/warning
-structure control
-production of run-up maps
-land use
-probability analysis
-education
-tsunami ready status |
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Term
surface buoys called__________ detect small changes in the _____ exerted by the increased volume of water.
this info is relayed to a _________ to a warning center and is combined with a tidal gauge to __________. |
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Definition
-tsunameter
-pressure
-warning center
-predict arrival times |
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Term
| even tsunamis which are ________M high can knock down houses and small buildings. |
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Definition
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Term
| A tsunami runup map will show the level to which______. |
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Definition
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Term
| A hazard map will show areas likely to be overwhelmed by_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some villages were spared destruction during the 2004 earthquake because of what natural and man made features. |
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Definition
-coastal mangrove forest
-plantation trees |
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Term
| In probability analysis the best determining approach is to__________. |
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Definition
| - produce tsunami flood maps. |
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Term
| the carlo simulation is used to simulate the behavior of _________. The overall objective is to determine tsunami __________ for both distant and local sources. |
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Definition
-earthquakes/tsunamis
-return periods and probabilities |
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Term
| what is a notification that an earthquake can cause a tsunami has occurred |
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Definition
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Term
| in this stage a tsunami has been detected and is spreading toward their area. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F the first wave is always the strongest.
T/F water returning to the water is as dangerous as the incoming water |
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Definition
-F, 2nd 3rd waves may be larger
-True |
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Term
| what is a warning sign of a tsunami at the beach? |
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Definition
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Term
| tsunamis can be small in one area, but may be__________. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F there is only just minutes between each tsunami wave. |
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Definition
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