Term
| What is presidential power according to Neustadt? |
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Definition
| , presidents were generally in a weak position to command, so they had to rely on persuasion. Presidential power relies on persuasion. |
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Term
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Definition
| passed in 1951, limits presidents to two terms of office. |
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Term
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Definition
| permits the vice president to become acting president if the vice president and the president’s cabinet determine that the president is disabled, and it outlines how a recuperated president can reclaim the job. |
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Term
| What is Weber’s conception of the bureaucracy? |
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Definition
| a hierarchical authority structure that Uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality |
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Term
| What is the Pendleton Act (1883)? |
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Definition
| Created Civil Service: System of hiring and promotion based on merit and non partisanship |
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Term
| What do PACs buy with their money? |
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Definition
| PACs buy access to candidates with their money. |
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Term
| What is regulation and deregulation? |
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Definition
Regulation: use of governmental authority to control of change some practice in the private sector
Deregulation: the lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities |
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Term
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Definition
a. Veto – the constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it. A two-thirds vote in each house can override a veto
b. Pocket Veto – A type of veto occurring when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president and the president simply lets the bill die by neither signing nor vetoing it.
c. Line-Item Veto – Ability to veto parts of a bill – some state governors have it, but not the president |
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Term
| Know what is meant by Original Jurisdiction |
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Definition
| The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. Theses are the courts that determine the facts about a case |
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Term
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Definition
| 7) Bicameralism (Legislation) – legislature divided into two houses. The U.S. Congress and all state legislature except Nebraska’s are bicameral |
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Term
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Definition
| Congressional election not accompanied by a presidential election that take place every 4 years |
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Term
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Definition
| Creates courts at a lower level than the Supreme Court |
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Term
| What are amicus curiae briefs and writs of certiorari? |
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Definition
a.amicus curiae briefs – legal briefs submitted by a “friend of the court” for the purpose of influencing a court’s decision by raising additional points of view and presenting information not contained in the briefs of the formal parties.
b.writs of certiorari – formal document calling up the case |
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Term
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Definition
o Perception that the voters strongly support the president’s character and policies
o Mandates are infrequent, but presidents claim a mandate anyway |
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Term
| What influences the selection of judges? |
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Definition
| • Partisanship and ideology affects the selection of judges at a federal level because presidents want judges that will agree with them |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the Vice-President? |
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Definition
Traditionally the VP waits has very little responsibilities and waits for the president to give him something to do.
His only constitutional duty is to be present in the senate and votes in case of a tie among the senators. |
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Term
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Definition
| Law passed in 1973 in reaction to American fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia that requires presidents to consult with Congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants an extension. However, presidents have viewed the resolution as unconstitutional. |
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Term
| What is judicial implementation? |
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Definition
| how and whether court decisions are translated into actual policy, thereby affecting the behavior of others. The courts rely on other units of government to enforce their decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| 10) Filibuster - A strategy unique to the Senate whereby opponents of a piece of legislation try to talk it to death, based on the tradition of unlimited debate. Today, 60 members present and voting can halt a filibuster. |
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Term
| Where is the center of policymaking? |
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Definition
Congress
535 in all
435 in House
100 in Senate (two from each state) |
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Term
| What is judicial restraint? |
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Definition
| a judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that duty strictly to the legislatures |
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Term
| Why are committees and subcommittees important to Congress? |
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Definition
| Committees and subcommittees are most important aspect in Congress. They control the congressional agenda and guide legislation. |
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Term
| How does the President control the bureaucracy? |
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Definition
| by the use of the power of appointment and recommending budgets for different agencies. |
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Term
| Know the different types of committees. |
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Definition
a. Joint committees – congressional committees on a few subject-matter areas with membership drawn from both houses.
b. Standing committees – Separate subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas.
c. Conference committees – Congressional committees formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. Party leadership appoints members from each house to iron out the differences and bring back a single bill.
d. Select committees – Congressional committees appointed for a specific purpose, such as the Watergate investigation. |
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Term
| Attractions to the job of being a member of Congress? |
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Definition
POWER is the biggest attraction
Salary of $169,300/174,000
Office space in DC & at home with staff
Travel allowances & franking privileges |
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Term
| What are standard operating procedures (SOPs)? |
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Definition
| Procedures for everyday decision making that are used by bureaucats to bring efficiency and uniformity to complex organization |
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Term
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Definition
| International event involving the president that does not have an impact on public approval |
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Term
| OMB – Office of Management and Budget |
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Definition
| an office that grew out of the Bureau of the Budget, created in 1921, consisting of a handful of political appointees and hundreds of skilled professionals. The OMB performs both managerial and budgetary functions, and although the president is its boss |
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Term
| NSC – National Security Council |
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Definition
| an office created in 1947 to coordinate the president’s foreign and military policy advisers. Its formal members are the president, vice president, secretary of state, and secretary of defense, and it is managed by the president |
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Term
| How does the president use the press? |
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Definition
| Press is the principle intermediary between president and people |
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Term
| What is substantive representation? |
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Definition
Substantive representation – representing the interests of groups
Descriptive representation – Congress can’t claim this, representing constituents by mirroring their personal, politically relevant characteristics |
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Term
| What is meant by pork barrel projects? |
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Definition
| Pork Barrel: federal projects, grants, etc. made available in a congressional district or state |
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Term
| Know what is meant by, and the process of impeachment. |
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Definition
| Impeachment is the political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law. This takes place by a majority vote to indict from the House, which then moves to the Senate. If a two-thirds vote is achieved, the President is removed from office. |
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Term
| What are the advantages of incumbency and why do incumbents lose? |
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Definition
Advantages:
•The goal is to be visible to your constituents
•Frequent trips home, use of news letter, and technology
•Biggest thing is to be the Incumbent.
Why Incumbents lose:
•One tarnished by scandal or corruption becomes vulnerable to a challenger
•Redistricting may weaken the incumbency advantage
•Major political tidal wave may defeat incumbents |
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Term
| What are class action lawsuits? |
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Definition
| Lawsuits in which a small number of people sue on behalf of all people in similar circumstances. |
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Term
| CEA – Council of Economic Advisers |
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Definition
| a three-member body appointed by the president to advise the president on economic policy |
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Term
| How do presidents use public opinion and public approval? |
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Definition
| To break congressional stalemates |
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Term
| What are the differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate? |
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Definition
House of Representatives- Must initiate all revenue bills; must pass all articles of impeachment. Members: 435. Term: 2 years. Constituencies: Smaller. Centralization of Power: More centralized; stronger leadership. Political prestige: Less prestige. Role in Policymaking: More influential on budget; more specialized. Turnover: small. Role of Seniority: More important in determining power. Procedures: Limited debate; limits on floor amendments allowed.
Senate- Must give advice and consent to many presidential nominations; must approve treaties; tries impeached officials. Members: 100 members Term of Office: 6 years. Constituencies: Usually larger. Centralization of power: less centralized; weaker leadership. Political prestige: More prestige. Role in Policymaking: More influential on foreign affairs; less specialized. Turnover: Moderate. Role of Seniority: Less important in determining power. Procedures: Unlimited debate. |
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Term
| What is the main attraction for working as a representative or senator? |
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Definition
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