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SMF Glossary
General terms
58
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/18/2010

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Term
Achene
Definition
A small, dry, one-seeded fruit that is indehiscent.
Term
Anthesis
Definition
Period during which a flower is fully expanded and functional (in bloom)
Term
Anther
Definition
The pollen-bearing part of the flower stamen.
Term
Appressed
Definition
Lying flat against.
Term
Ascending
Definition
Growing obliquely or curved upward.
Term
Auricle
Definition
A small projecting lobe at the base of a blade.
Term
Berry
Definition
Fleshy or pulpy fruit developed from a single ovary, usually many seeded.
Term
Bract
Definition
Reduced leaf, particularly at the bases of flower stalks, and surrounding the bases of head inflorescences in the Aster Family.
Term
Bulb
Definition
A swollen structure composed of circular layers (technically leaf layers) as in an onion, usually underground
Term
Calyx
Definition
The outer set of flower parts, usually green and beneath the petals.
Term
Capsule
Definition
A dry fruit with two or more rows of seeds and splitting open at maturity.
Term
Carpel
Definition
A separate simple pistil, or section of a compound pistil.
Term
Clasping
Definition
Usually, partially surrounding the stem.
Term
Claw
Definition
The narrow spoke-like base of some petals or sepals.
Term
Corm
Definition
A swollen underground base of a vertical stem, bulb-like but solid.
Term
Corolla
Definition
All the petals of a flower, either separate or united, i.e., the inner series of the perianth.
Term
Decurrent
Definition
Extending downward, e.g., the extension of a leaf down the stem.
Term
Decurved
Definition
Bent downward.
Term
Dehiscent
Definition
Opening at maturity by natural splitting, as a fruit releasing its seeds.
Term
Dioecious
Definition
Bearing male and female flowers on separate plants.
Term
Exserted
Definition
Projecting out or beyond.
Term
Follicle
Definition
A dry fruit dehiscent usually along one side only.
Term
Fruit
Definition
The structure which contains the seeds and is produced by a flower. The ovary walls which contain the seeds.
Term
Glabrous
Definition
Smooth and lacking pubescence (hairs).
Term
Gland
Definition
A secreting organ usually producing nectar or oil, may be internal or external.
Term
Glaucous
Definition
Appearing covered with a whitish powder.
Term
Hypanthium
Definition
A saucer-shaped, cup-shaped, or tubular organ below, around, or adhering to the sides of the pistil. The sepals, petals, and stamens are attached at or near its outer or upper margin.
Term
Imbricate
Definition
Overlapping, having the appearance of shingles.
Term
Indehiscent
Definition
Not opening naturally at maturity.
Term
Involucre
Definition
A series of bracts at the base of a flower or inflorescence.
Term
Node
Definition
A point on a stem from which leaves, branches or flowers arise.
Term
Perianth
Definition
The calyx and corolla collectively, or the calyx alone if the corlla is absent.
Term
Pappus
Definition
The modified calyx of hairs, scales, or bristles from the summit of the achenes of many species of the Aster Family.
Term
Petiole
Definition
The basal, stalk-like portion of an ordinary leaf.
Term
Pistil
Definition
The central organ(s) of a flower consisting of the ovary containing the seeds, the style, and the stigma.
Term
Pome
Definition
A fleshy fruit with a core (ovary portion), e.g., an apple.
Term
Rhizome
Definition
An underground fleshy stem, usually horizontal, from which scales, leaves, roots, or stems arise from the nodes, e.g., the iris.
Term
Saprophytic
Definition
Living on dead organic matter, neither parasitic or making its own food.
Term
Seed
Definition
The propagative part of a plant developed from an ovule in the fruit. The mature ovule in addition to stored food, typically found in a fruit.
Term
Sessile
Definition
Without any kind of stalk.
Term
Spadix
Definition
A fleshy stalk on which numerous small flowers grow.
Term
Spine
Definition
A thorn. A stiff outgrowth of a stem, it lacks vascular supply, i.e., it lacks xylem and phloem.
Term
Stamen
Definition
The pollen-producing organ of a flower, consisting of anther and filament.
Term
Staminode
Definition
A modified stamen that does not produce pollen, i.e., it lacks anthers.
Term
Stellate
Definition
Star-shaped.
Term
Sterile
Definition
Does not produce viable fruiting bodies or pollen.
Term
Stigma
Definition
The top of the pistil that receives the pollen.
Term
Stipule
Definition
A structure (or pair) at the base of the petiole, usually attached to the stem.
Term
Stolon
Definition
Long creeping stems on the surface of the ground.
Term
Stoloniferous
Definition
Producing stolons.
Term
Style
Definition
The slender stalk that typically connects the stigma(s) to the ovary.
Term
Succulent
Definition
Fleshy and juicy.
Term
Taproot
Definition
A large, elongated root, usually vertical.
Term
Tendril
Definition
A usually slender, coiled, elongated organ of a climbing plant that attaches to other objects.
Term
Tepal
Definition
Used to denote sepals and petals, when of similar form and color.
Term
Ternate
Definition
Borne in threes.
Term
Tuber
Definition
A compact, usually horizontal, underground stem that stores food (e.g. potato). Is a stem and not root because it has nodes which produce shoots, not present on roots.
Term
Wing.
Definition
A flat structure emerging from the side or summit of an organ; also the lateral petals in the Bean and Milkwort families.
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