Term
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Definition
Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Very close arrangement
Vibrating |
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Term
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Definition
Indefinite Shape
Definite Volume
Close arrangement
Sliding |
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Term
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Definition
Indefinite Shape
Indefinite Volume
Far apart
Bouncing |
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Term
Change of State
solid -> liquid, liquid -> gas |
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Definition
heat energy is added
molecules begin to move faster
pushing away force becomes greater
molecules end up farther apart
volume increases |
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Term
Change of State
gas -> liquid, liquid-> solid |
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Definition
heat energy is taken away
molecules begin to slow down
pushing away force lessens
molecules end up closer together
volume decreases |
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Term
Thermal Expansion
Thermal Contraction |
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Definition
| Enough energy given to slow down or speed up molecules but not enough to change state |
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Term
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Definition
Involved in changing matter
Can be transferred or transformed |
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Term
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Definition
surface at the equator: warm air temp, molecules are spread out and moving fast, and the air is less dense, and the air moves vertical.
top of troposphere above equator: the air spreads north & south, the air pushes into low pressure and creates jet streams.
top of troposphere above 30 degree N and S: the air is cooling, the molecules are slowing down and packing closely together, the air is more dense and sinking.
Surface at 30 degree N & S: the air spreads north and south, the air pushes into low pressure,air moving on the surface is wind |
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Term
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Definition
Warm air mass rises, cold sinks
stratus clouds form
drizzle |
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Term
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Definition
Warm air mass rises, cold sinks
cumulus clouds form
thunder storms |
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Term
| Green House Effect vs. Global Warming |
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Definition
CO2, H2O, and other gasesre-radiate the heat and keep them on the earth.
Gases are good until there are too many, too many causes an increase in temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
Pure substance, made up of one item
ex. silver, gold |
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Term
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Definition
Made of two or more different atoms
ex. halite, salt |
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Term
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Definition
Mixture of two or more different minerals
Ex. Slate |
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Term
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Definition
| When air masses encounter mountains they must rise ad condense then rain. Because the clouds can not raise over the mountains, it creates a desert because it only rains on one side of the mountains. |
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Term
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Definition
Liquid Water
(Ice) Water
Wind
Humans (farming and mining)
Gravity
Animals
Plants
Heat |
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Term
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Definition
Oxidation
Acid Rain
* Molecules break apart and atoms rearrange to form new molecules |
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Term
Divergent Plates
(pulling away from each other) |
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Definition
- plates pull farther apart from each other
- bc magma is located directly under the crust, when plates move apart magma is exposed
- magma cools and hardens into rock (on the ocean floor)
- both volcanoes and mountains are forced in this process (igneous rock) |
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Term
Convergent Plates
(plates pushing together) |
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Definition
- plates push together
- crust folds and crumbles
[same density]
- rock molecules have no where to go and rise upwards to create (non volcanic) mountains
[diff density]
- oceanic plate (made of basalt) is pushed underneath the continental plate (made of granite) bc its more dense
- when oceanic plate is pushed downward, it melts due to heat in the mantle.
- this creates magma which comes to the surface through cracks
- this is a volcano, igneous rock formed |
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Term
| Plates Sliding Past Each Other |
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Definition
- two plates sliding/grinding past each other
- create earthquakes due to energy being suddenly released
- sedimentary rocks formed |
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Term
| The mantle convection cycles |
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Definition
- radioactive decay in the mantle releases heat.
- the heats makes molecules speed up and spread farther apart
- this makes the molecules become less dense and rise
- Because the mantle can 't move any farther up it spreads out causing the plates to move, thus, plates move because of what's happening underneath |
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Term
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Definition
- chemical change
- minerals turn to carbon and water and volcano loses weight bc some of the minerals turn to lava and ash
- rock molecules break apart and solidify as lava cools |
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Term
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Definition
- bedrock was formed from sediments being compacted and cemented into bedrock
- sediments are from weathering and erosion of the highlands that once surrounded the basin
- the sediments moved from high latitudes to low latitudes
- bc the basin is a low point they settled there
- no chemical change present, all physical |
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Term
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Definition
- moon reveolves around the earth counter clockwise every 28 days
- half of the moon is lit and we see the portion thats facing the sun and earth
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Term
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Definition
- earths axis is pointed towards the north star
- earth is always on a 23 degree tilt either towards or away from the sun
- the earth rotates around the sun counter clockwise every 365 days
- the earth stays the same distance away from the sun at all time |
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Term
| Uneven Heating of the Earth |
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Definition
- earth is heated unevenly due to the angle, material, and color of an object
- land heats more quickly than water but cools quicker |
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Term
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Definition
- tilt
- circle of latitude
- direction of sunrise/sunset
- hours of daylight |
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Term
| Seasons, Effect of latitude |
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Definition
- hours of light
- rise and set of the sun at high and low latitudes
tilt and circle of latitude
- angle and intensity
- relative angles at high and lo lat
- tilt and overhead latitude
- light spread out verses concentrated
- more/less intense light |
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Term
| Heat Radiated To the Earth |
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Definition
1. Sunlight is absorbed by the surface of the earth.
2. light energy is transformed into heat energy.
3. heat energy radiates from the surface to the air, increasing its temperature.
4. CO2 molecules in the atmosphere heat energy.
5. CO2 molecules radiate heat in all directions, w/ some radiated back towards the earth's surface.
6. The air near the surface becomes even warmer. |
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Term
| Air heated more at lower latitudes than high latitudes |
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Definition
1. The sunlight is at a higher angle
2. More intense light strikes the surface
3. More light is absorbed by the surface
4. More light is transformed into heat
5. More heat is transferred (radiated) to the air |
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