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Small Group Appendix B
arguments and fallacies
9
Communication
Undergraduate 2
02/08/2011

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Cards

Term
claim
Definition
that which is asserted and remains to be proven
Term
data
Definition
the grounds (support/evidence) for the claim, such as statistical evidence, expert testimony
Term
warrant
Definition
the reasoning used to link the data to the claim--usually implied
Term
backing
Definition
additional evidence and reasoning used to support the inference made in the warrant
Term
reservations
Definition
exceptions or rebuttals that diminish the force of the claim
Term
qualifier
Definition
degree of truth of the claim
Term
material fallacies
Definition
errors in the process of using supporting materials as proof
Term
logical fallacies
Definition
errors in the process of reasoning
Term
psychological fallacies
Definition
claims that rest on emotional appeal rather than logic and evidence
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