Term
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Definition
Toxocara canis "roundworms"
Nematode
Ascarid
Pre-patent period: 3-10 weeks
Clinical signs: V/D, distended abdomen, intussusception
L2 infective stage. No intermediate host
transplacental and transmammary transmission possible
Adults live: In small intestine. In female larvae will stay dormant until she is pregnant
ZOONOTIC: Visceral larval migrans
75-85um round/oval ropey outer shell |
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Term
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Definition
Toxocara cati "roundworms"
Nematode
Ascarid
Pre-patent period: 3-10 weeks
Adults live in: Small intestine. Larvae stay dormant in female host untilshe is pregnant.
transmammary transmission possible (no transplacental)
L2 infective stage. No intermediate host.
Clinical signs: V/D, distended abdomen, intussusception
ZOONOTIC: visceral larval migrans
round/oval 65-75um ropey outer shell |
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Term
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Definition
Toxascaris leonina "roundworms"
Nematode
Ascarid
Pre-patent period: 3-10weeks
Clinical signs: V/D, distended abdomen, intussusception Adults live in: Small intestine. Larvae stay dormant in female until she becomes pregnant.
L2 infective stage. No intermediate host.
transplacental and transmammary transmission possible ZOONOTIC: Visceral larval migrans
round/oval 75-85um smooth outer shell ropey inside ground glass center |
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Term
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Definition
Ancylostoma caninum "hookworms"
Nematode
Pre-patent period: 2-4 weeks
Clinical signs: severe anemia
L3 infective stage. No intermediate host.
Adult live in: Small intestine. Larvae stay dormant in females until she is pregnant.
tranplacental and transmammary transmission possible
ZOONOTIC: cutaneous larval migrans
oval/ellipsoid 55-80um long X 35-55um wide |
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Term
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Definition
Uncinaria stenocephala "hookworms"
Nematode
Pre-patent period: 2-4 weeks
Clinical signs: severe anemia
L3 infective stage. No intermediate host.
Adults live in: Small intestine. Larvae stay dormant in female until she is pregnant.
transplacental and transmammary transmission possible
ZOONOTIC: cutaneous larval migrans
oval/ellipsoid 55-8-um long X 35-55um wide |
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Term
[image]
Dogs
larvae 280-310 |
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Definition
Stongyloides "threadworms"
Nematodes
Only females parasitic, can produce eggs w/out male
Clinical signs: usually none
Adults live in: Small intestine. Eggs hatch in small intestine so larvae found in stool not ova
ZOONOTIC: rare
ova not found in stool |
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Term
[image]
Dogs (rare in cats) |
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Definition
Trichuris "whipworms"
Nematode
Pre-patent period: 70-90 days
L1 infective stage (can live in environment for a long time) No intermediate host.
Adults live in: cecum and colon
Clinical signs: none, +/- bloody diarrhea
football shape symmetrical polar plugs |
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Term
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Definition
Eucoleus aerophilus (Capillaria aerophilus)
Nematode
Not usually disease causing
Adults live in: Respiratory tract
Eggs found in mucous (coughed up) or feces
similar to whipworm but smaller and fatter polar plugs not symmetrical and more blunt at ends |
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Term
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Definition
Spirocerca lupi
Nematode
Intermediate host: Dung beetle
Clinical signs: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and/or vomiting. Can lead to esophogeal neoplasia or aortic aneurysm
Adults live in: esophagus (dogs) or stomach (cats) andform granulomas (nodules) in wall
Eggs released from granulomas and are found in vomit or feces
oval small 30-12um contains a larvae |
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Term
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Definition
Isospora "coccidia"
A protozoan coccidian
Infective stage: oocysts in feces
Intermediate host: can be mouse (not needed)
Adults live in: Small intestine
Clinical signs: Diarrhea or pasty stool
oval tiny 10-32 um |
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Term
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Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
A protozoan coccidian
rare
Adults live in: small intestine
oocyst shed for only a few days
diagnose with serology (titers)
ZOONOTIC: can be harmful to fetus of pregnant women
small hard to find |
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Term
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Definition
Cryptosporidium
A protozoan coccidian
Adults live in: Small intestine
more common in calves
may be found in standing water
need special modified acid fast stains to see
ZOONOTIC
very small 4-6um |
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Term
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Definition
Giardia (cyst and trophozoite)
Protozoan
From contaminated water
Clinical signs: +/- diarrhea
Zinc sulfate floats cysts or do direct smear (add Lugol's iodine)
ELISA tests for Giardia (some false positives)
Cyst: oval 8-10um 4 nuclei
Trophozoite: pear shaped 8 posterior flagella motile 5-15um X 9-21um 2 nuclei look like eyes |
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Term
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Definition
Tritrichomonas foetus
Protozoan
Adults live in: colon, ileum, and cecum
Clinical signs: chronic diarrhea
Route of transmission: unknown (mom to kitten?)
Diagnosed with direct smear
May be confused with Giardia
3 anterior flagella and 1 posterior very fast 1 nuclei 6 X 16um |
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Term
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Definition
Dipylidium caninum "tapeworms"
Cestode
no mouth, scolex attaches, absorbs nutrients through tegument
Pre-patent period: 14-21 days
Clinical signs: none, weight loss/not gaining
Cucumber seed tapeworm
Proglottids look like rice when dry
Intermediate host: flea.
Proglottid>egg>20-30 hexacanth embryos>6 hooks>cystercercoid. Develops in flea, infective stage
Adults live in: Small intestine
ZOONOTIC (humans intermediate host)
oval hexacanths look like Petosky stone |
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Term
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Definition
Taenia taeniaformis "tapeworm"
Cestode
no mouth, scolex attaches, absorbs nutrients through tegument
Pre-patent period: 14-21 days
Clinical signs: none, weight loss/not gaining
Intermediate host: rabbits and rodents
Cysticercus infective stage (bladder worm in intermediate host)
proglottid>thousands of egg packets>20-30 hexacanth embryos>6 hooks>cysticercus
ZOONOTIC (humans intermediate host)
round/oval single oncosphere (hexacanth embryo w/6 hooks)
31-36um striated shell |
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Term
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Definition
Alaria "fluke"
Platyhelminthes
Trematodes
Adults live in: GI tract
Clinical signs: V/D
Complex life cycle usually involves aquatic animal (i.e. snail) may have 1 or 2 intermediate hosts
adults leaf like
Ova may not float well may need to do sedimentation
large ovoid 60-120um X 30-70um
yellowish-brown to gray
Operculum at one end |
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Term
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Definition
Nanophyetus salmincola "fluke"
Trematodes
Platyhelminthes
poisons salmon with Rickettsia, similar to Potomac Horse Fever
Complex life cycle usually involves aquatic animal
may have 1 or 2 intermediate hosts
Adults live in: liver
Clinical signs: anemia
adults leaf like
Ova may not float well may need to do sedimentation
large ovoid 60-120um X 30-70um
yellowish-brown to gray
operculum at one end |
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Term
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Definition
Paragonimus kellicotti "fluke"
Platyhelminthes
Trematodes
Adults live in: lungs
Clinical signs: coughing
Complex life cycle usually involves aquatic animal (i.e. snail) may have 1 or 2 intermediate hosts
adults leaf like
Ova may not float well may need to do sedimentation
large ovoid 60-120um X 30-70um
yellowish-brown to gray
operculum at one end |
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Term
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Definition
Oncicola canis "thorny headed worm"
Acanthocephalan
Adults live in: Small intestine
No mouth, absorb nutrients through tegument, no scolex though
Intermediate host: arthropod, ingests egg which has acanthor (larvae) within
oval/spindle shaped 3 layer thick brown shell 65um X 45um |
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