Term
| A dog present BAR and seemingly not painful but is unable to close the mouth or prehend food. The most likely dx is? |
|
Definition
| Tigeminal neuritis. Will spontaneously resolve in 2-3 weeks. |
|
|
Term
| Cytology from a cutaneous draining track on a hunting dog shows broad based buddign yeast. What is the most likely pathogen and route of infection? |
|
Definition
| Blastomycosis, inhalation |
|
|
Term
A 5 year old female spayed Cocker Spaniel is presented with a strange expression. Her right ear and lip appear to droop. There is ptosis O.D. (right eye) and the dog is drooling on the exam table.
What anatomic structure is damaged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long after a booster rabies vaccine is a dog, cat or ferret considered to be currently vaccinated and protected against rabies? |
|
Definition
| immediately because it's a booster, 28 days for an initial vaccination |
|
|
Term
An 8-year old male neutered domestic shorthair cat is presented with a one-month history of progressive exercise intolerance, panting, anorexia, weight loss and vomiting.
On physical exam there is moderate cyanosis and a jugular pulse. On chest auscultation there is a systolic murmur loudest on the left side between the 5th and 6th intercostal space.
T=102.1 F (38.9 C)..[N=100-103.1]
HR=176 bpm...........[N=100-140]
RR=40 brpm...........[N=16-40]
A DV chest radiograph looks like the image below. What is the diagnosis?
(enlarged left-sided "valentine" heart)
On physical exam there is moderate cyanosis and a jugular pulse. On chest auscultation there is a systolic murmur loudest on the left side between the 5th and 6th intercostal space.
T=102.1 F (38.9 C)..[N=100-103.1]
HR=176 bpm...........[N=100-140]
RR=40 brpm...........[N=16-40]
A DV chest radiograph looks like the image below. What is the diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
A 5-year-old neutered domestic shorthair cat is presented for lethargy, vomiting and diarrhea. The owner saw the cat licking up antifreeze spilled while he was flushing his truck's radiator yesterday.
The cat is markedly depressed and dehydrated on physical exam.
Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate treatment? |
|
Definition
More than 3 hours after ingestion, ethanol is still the treatment of choice for cats with ethylene glycol toxicity.
Recent clinical trials suggest that Fomepizole (4 methyl pyrazole, 4-MP) can be a more effective treatment than ethanol in cats when administered
-- At high doses (extra-label) and
-- Within 3 hours of ingestion of ethylene glycol.
Do 4 things when you see a case of ethylene glycol toxicity:
1. Decrease EG absorption: Induce vomiting +/- gastric lavage (or both) followed by activated charcoal, sodium sulfate within 1-2 hr of ingestion.
2. Promote diuresis: IV fluids
3. Address metabolic acidosis: Add bicarbonate in fluids
4. Prevent metabolism of EG: 4-MP or ethanol treatment. |
|
|
Term
A 9 year old German shepherd is presented with unchecked bleeding from a cut on the gums above the right canine tooth. The owner relates that the dog has lost weight and had an episode of collapse 3 days ago, but he recovered.
On physical exam, the gums are pale with petechiae and ecchymotic hemorrhages. There is tachycardia and a palpable cranial abdominal mass.
A coagulation profile shows the following:
Thrombocytes= 82,533 per microliter..[N=200,000-900,000]
Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), increased
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), increased
Prothrombin time (PT), increased
Thrombin time (TT), increased
Fibrin degradation products (FDPs), increased
What disorder of coagulation best fits this pattern? |
|
Definition
A lab pattern of low platelets, increased bleeding time and across the board increases in aPTT, PT, TT and FDP tests suggests disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DIC is not a disease in its own right- it is a complex hemostatic defect characterized by enhanced coagulation and fibrinolysis, secondary to other diseases. Fibrinolysis and depletion of clotting factors leads to hemorrhage.
Many, many diseases, all of them bad, can precipitate DIC. This case presentation (pale, older German shepherd with Hx of collapse, bleeding and an abdominal mass) suggests hemangiosarcoma. |
|
|
Term
A one-year-old intact male domestic short hair cat presents with dyspnea after vehicular trauma. On physical examination, the cat is open-mouth breathing with muffled heart sounds and borborygmi heard on pulmonary auscultation.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 7-year old outdoor cat is presented with a month-long history of cough, dyspnea and weight loss. A heartworm antibody test is positive.
What is the most appropriate interpretation? |
|
Definition
Further diagnostics needed. Diagnosis of heartworm disease (HW) in cats is difficult and requires an elevated index of suspicion and serial diagnostic tests. A positive antibody test in the cat only indicates EXPOSURE to heartworms, and further work up is indicated.
A negative antibody is useful to rule-OUT HW disease in cats, but unfortunately, 14% of cats with HW infection may be antibody negative.
A positive heartworm antigen test is diagnostic in cats, but a negative antigen doesn't say much because of high false negative antigen tests.
Bottom line-there is no single test for HW in cats, and you need a full workup. Further diagnostics may include echocardiography, thoracic radiographs, a CBC and panel. |
|
|
