Term
A sound that doesn't have a regular repeating pattern, doesn't extend in time and may be produced in the larynx as a glottal stop is called ______(1).
Another sound that doesn't have a regular repeating pattern but does extend in time, may be produced in the larynx as an /h/ or whisper is called ______(2).
The most common laryngeal sound is produced by the vibration of the vocal folds for voicing, so it has a regular repeating pattern in time. It's called ______(3). |
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Definition
(1) transient.
(2) continuous.
(3) complex-periodic. |
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Term
| 2 non-speech functions of the larynx: |
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Definition
1. protection of sub-laryngeal structures
2. stabilize the thorax for effort |
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Term
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Definition
| quasi-periodic vibrations of the vocal folds |
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Term
The major theory describing how vocal fold vibration happens is called the myoelastic aerodynamic theory. What does the term "myo-" refer to? (1)
What are two "aerodynamic" elements that contribute to vocal fold vibration? (2) |
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Definition
(1) muscle
(2) subglottal pressure & bernoulli force |
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Term
The major theory describing how vocal fold vibration happens is called the myoelastic aerodynamic theory. What does the term "myo-" refer to? (1)
What are two "aerodynamic" elements that contribute to vocal fold vibration? (2) |
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Definition
(1) muscle
(2) subglottal pressure & bernoulli force |
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Term
| According to the myoelastic aerodynamic theory, three conditions required to initiate VF vibration are: |
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Definition
1. subglottal pressure
2. VF adduction
3. exhalation |
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Term
| There are 3 forces that contribute energy to the vibratory movement of the vocal folds. At the start of ONE CYCLE of VF vibration, the folds are closed, and the initial force which pushes them apart is _______(1). When the folds open maximally, what force initiates their switch to medial movement? (2) During closing phase, as the folds come closer together, what force finally sucks them together completely? (3) |
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Definition
(1) subglottal pressure
(2) Tissue elasticity
(3) Bernoulli's force |
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Term
| Fundamental frequency = the number of times VFs vibrate per _____(1). This is abbreviated f0, and is the physical correlate of pitch. If a speaker has an f0 of 230 Hz, then that speaker's fundamental period is (t0) is ________(2). This is appropriate for an adult of what gender? (3) |
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Definition
(1) second.
(2) 4.34 ms
(3) female |
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Term
| If a speaker changes fundamental frequency by stretching the vocal folds, how will mass per unit length change? (1) And how will longitudinal tension (stiffness) change? (2)And what sort of change will occur in f0 (up or down)? (3) This stretching will most likely occur through contraction of the muscle _______(4) which is innervated by cranial nerve number _____(5) called the ________(6) nerve. |
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Definition
(1) decrease
(2) increase
(3) up
(4) cricothyroid
(5) X
(6) Vagus |
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Term
| Basic concept of the Bernoulli effect is that as velocity of a fluid in a tube increases, pressure against the sides of the tube _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| If pressure driving fluid is a constant and the cross-sectional area of the tube decreases at some point, then fluid velocity at that point _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The bernoulli effect explains why, as the VFs get closer during the closing phase of a cycle of vibration, the pressure between the folds becomes ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| During vibration, the vertical phase difference of the vocal folds means that in the rostral-caudal direction, the folds open ________ |
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Definition
| non-uniformly, bottom-to-top. |
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Term
| Small Cycle to cycle variations in fundamental period which aren't under voluntary control and may increase with vocal pathology are given the name _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A language in which changes of fundamental frequency may be used to make a phonemic/semantic distinction is called an ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who had voice problems might see a speech pathologist in addition to what other primary medical professional ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The technology useful for directly observing a vocal fold nodule is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The technology most useful for examining changes of vocal fold contact area is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| VF length may be related to f0 in two different ways. Across individuals those with larger (longer and thicker) vocal folds will have ________(1)[higher/lower] f0. Within an individual, when a person increases the length of the vocal folds through muscle contraction, s/he will produce ________(2) f0. |
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Definition
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Term
| The physical correlate of the perception of vocal loudness is vocal intensity. The primary physical quantity associated with changes of intensity is _________(1). This quantity may be increased through activity of the respiratory system or through activity of the laryngeal system. To increase this quantity using the respiratory system, you would contract what class of muscles? (2) To increase this quantity using the laryngeal system, you would increase laryngeal ______(3). According to your text, you would do this by contracting which two intrinsic laryngeal muscles? (4) |
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Definition
(1) subglottal pressure
(2) expiratory muscles
(3) resistance
(4) lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid |
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Term
| The forces at work related to changing vocal intensity may be described through the bio-mechanical expression of Ohm's law, which is written p=u*R. In words, this means: |
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Definition
| pressure = flow * resistance |
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