Term
| what goes to sleep in NREM sleep |
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Definition
frontal thinking regions, problem solving areas.
thalamocortical loop |
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Term
| NREM sleep and psychiatric disorders |
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Definition
| alterations in NREM sleep in psychiatric disorders may reflect alteration in function of heteromodal association and exec function |
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Term
| anterior para limbic REM activation (compare to NREM activations) |
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Definition
-in NREM, regions are on the surface
-in REM it is deep within the brain, more on the paralimbic network (related more to emotional behavior) and this can relate to pscyh disorders |
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Term
| Sleep disturbances (depression) |
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Definition
-insomnia/hypersomnia patterns
-sleep disturbances can present before after and during illness |
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Term
| EEG alterations in depression |
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Definition
-REM sleep more "intense" in depressed people (based on density/intensit of eye movements)
-NREM: decreased slow-wave restorative sleep
-sleep continuity: prolonged sleep latency, increased wake time. |
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Term
| monoaminergic/cholinergic hypothesis of depression |
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Definition
-braintem monoaminergic systems (5-HT,NE) cease firing to allow cholinergic cells to activate brain during REM sleep.
-in depression, reduced monoaminergic tone may disinhibit REM sleep.
-or increased cholinergic tone may increase REM sleep |
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Term
| circadian/homeostatic hypotheses of depression |
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Definition
-a circadian advance of REm sleep shifts REM earlier in night
-A reduced homeostatic drive may result in reduced slow wave sleep with a shift in REM to earlier in night |
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Term
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Definition
| dpressed patients show less of a decline in prefrontal metabolism from waking to NREM than do healthy subjects |
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Term
| EEG sleep disturbances (bipolar disorder) |
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Definition
long sleepers (hypersomnia)
-relatively normal sleep architecture (including REm and delta sleep) |
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Term
| EEG sleep disturbances (schizophrenia) |
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Definition
-highly variable sleep/wake cycle
-slow wave sleep reduction (correlates with alteration in prefrontal function)
-sleep continuity distrubance
-+ or - REM sleep distrubance |
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Term
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Definition
-long sleep onset latencies
-decreased sleep maintenance
-decreased stages 3,4 sleep (slow-wave)
-NO cahnges in timing, duration or intensity of REM which distinguishes it from mood disorder |
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Term
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Definition
-repetitive unwanted traumatic dreams
-increased periodic limb movements
-variable reports of REM sleep disturbances
-traumatic nightmares occur in either REM or NREM sleep |
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Term
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Definition
acute:increased sleep, reduced REM and delta
chronic: increased alpha during REM
-increased REM sleep is indicative of relapse possibility |
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Term
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Definition
| produces regional reduction in metabolism in pre-frontal regions associated with increases in slow-wave sleep |
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