ADJUSTMENT

collocations:

adjustment note

adjustment account

adjustment of tax return

adjustment write-down

1. changing an account balance

PL: korekta

2. modification or correction

PL: regulacja, poprawka

ADVANCE

collocations:

advance payment

pay in advance

advance on salaries

tax advance

advances received from customers

down payment, or prepayment, for goods by a customer prior to receiving the goods.

ARREARS

collocations:

payment in arrears

tax arrears

Liability or obligation not met on the due date;

CHARGE

collocations:

 free of charge

charge commission (on sth)

charge the bill to somebody's account

charge as an expense

DUE

collocations:

amount due

due for payment

due date

overdue

Owed at present.

Payable immediately or on demand.

PL: należny, do zapłaty

VALID

collocations:

valid visa

legally valid

valid until...

having legal force; binding

PL: ważny; legalny

DEBT COLLECTION

collocations:

debt collection agency

the job of collecting payments from people who have failed to pay the money they owe for

goods, services, etc. that they have already received;

synonym: debt recovery

PL: windykacja długu

SHORT NOTICE

collocations:

at (on) short notice

 little advance warning or time to prepare something

PL: krótki  termin

DUE DATE

collocations:

invoice due date

payment due date

Date on which payment should be made.

Other expressions used :

pay-by date

deadline

Example: When you owe someone money it is very important that you always pay them back before the ~~ has passed.

REMINDER

collocations:

a letter of reminder

a letter to remind a customer that he or she has not paid an invoice;

PL: przypomnienie; upomnienie, ponaglenie

 TERMS

collocations:

payment terms

terms and conditions of contract

to meet the terms

on the same/ equal terms

Conditions under which an action may be undertaken, agreement reached, or a sale will be completed.

PL: warunki

 REIMBURSEMENT

collocations:

to claim reimbursement

reimbursement of expenditure

reimbursement of tax

reimbursement claim

a repayment or compensation for money you've spent, a refund for damage or loss incurred

PL: refundacja, wypłata, zwrot (pieniędzy)

1. BORROW

2.  LEND

1. to obtain or receive (something, such as money) on loan for temporary use from a bank or somebody.

  2. to let something (eg. money) temporarily;

      to provide a loan to somebody.

PL: pożyczyć

1. OVERCHARGE

2. UNDERCHARGE

(opposite)

1. verb: to charge too much

PL: policzyć za dużo

noun: too high price

2. verb: to charge too little

PL: policzyć za mało

noun: too small price

ALLOWANCE

collocation:

tax allowance

daily / travel allowance

luggage allowance

personal allowance

1. An amount of money that can be earned or received free of tax:

PL: ulga

 2. Amount paid to employees as part of their salary package.

PL: dodatek

3. per diem; travel expenses

PL: dieta

BENEFIT

collocations:

unemployment benefit

parental benefit

health benefit

sickness benefit

1. advantage, privilege, right or financial reimbursement,

PL: zasiłek, świadczenie

2. positive outcome or result from an action, investment, etc.

PL: korzyść, zaleta

CHANGE (money)

collocations:

 small change

give the change

keep the change

1. Coins as opposed to banknotes,

PL: drobne (pieniądze)

2.Money returned to someone as the balance of the sum paid for something,

PL: reszta (przy płaceniu)

COMMISSION (money)

collocations:

 commission charged by bank

commission rate

commission payable

commission on sale

a fee for services rendered based on a percentage of an amount received or collected or agreed to be paid (as distinguished from a salary)

PL: prowizja

A  form or letter sent by a seller to a buyer, stating that a certain amount has been credited / debited to the buyer's account.

It is is issued in various situations to correct a mistake, such as when an invoice amount is overstated / understated.

DEFER

collocations:

deferred income

deferred tax

 to delay recognizing certain revenues or expenses on the income statement until a later, more appropriate time.

PL: odroczyć

 NOUN: DEFERRAL

DISBURSEMENT

collocations:

disbursement of fund

cash disbursement

the payment of money from a fund or account;

spending, expenditure, outlay.

PL: wydatkowanie, nakład, rozchód

e.g. ~ of EU funds - wypłaty z funduszy unijnych

DISPOSAL

collocations:

waste disposal

disposal of property

the act of getting rid of something; sale.

PL: sprzedaż; zbycie; pozbycie się czegoś

ECONOMIZE

collocations:

to economize on sth

to use money, resources, etc. carefully; not to waste anything

PL: zaoszczędzić; oszczędzać

NOTE: it shouldn't be confused with 'save = oszczędzać

ENTRY

collocations:

journal entry

entry value

 Record of a financial transaction in an appropriate book of account.

PL: zapis księgowy; wejście.

e.g. ~ value - wartość na wejściu

EXEMPTION

collocations:

tax exemption

exemption from VAT

Amount that can be legally deducted from a

gross income to arrive at the taxable income.

PL: zwolnienie(=ulga)

FEE

collocations:

a licence fee

a lawyer's fee

                                 fee income

1.A fixed sum charged, as by an institution or by law, 

a license ~; 

PL:  opłata

FLAT TAX

collocations:

flat rate tax

flat taxation

 a tax system with a constant marginal rate, usually applied to individual or corporate income.

PL: podatek liniowy

podatek zryczałtowany

GRADUATE

collocations:

to graduate from (a university)

a university graduate

post-graduate studies

1. Verb:to successfully complete education; finish school with a diploma or certificate.

PL: ukończyć (studia, szkołę)

2. Noun:a person who has received a degree or diploma on completing a course of study, as in a university, college, or school.

PL:  absolwent

INTEREST

collocations:

interest rate

to charge interest

statutory interest
low interest

1. a percentage rate paid for borrowings, savings,etc.

2. a share of ownership,

PL: odstetki, procent

INVENTORY

collocations:

inventory account

inventory item

inventory pricing

inventory (stock)-taking

the goods that a business has on its premises or on consignment; stock

PL: zapas

LIVING

collocations:

cost of living

living expenses

The condition or action of maintaining life;

PL: życie (tu: utrzymanie)

LUMP SUM

collocations:

 lump sum payment

lump sum deposit
lump sum tax

A single sum of money that serves as complete payment

PL: jednorazowa kwota

A ~ tax is a tax of a fixed amount that has to be paid by everyone regardless of the level of his or her income:

PL: ryczałt

(ale np. 'ryczałt samochodowy' : allowance)

OVERHEAD

collocations:

overhead cost

overhead charge

administrative expenses of a business that are required to operate general corporate functions, and which cannot be definitively attributed to any revenue-generating activities

pl: koszty ogólne; koszty pośrednie

OVERSTATE

opposite: understate

 to report the amount incorrectly, higher than the true or correct amount

PL: zawyżyć

PAYROLL

collocations:

payroll withholdings

payroll deductions

payroll tax

payroll specialist

1.A list of employees receiving wages or salaries, with the amounts due to each.

PL: lista płac

2.The total compensation that a business must pay to its employees for a set period of time.

PL: wysokość wypłat z tytułu zarobków

A sum of money paid regularly as a retirement benefit

PL: emerytura (wynagrodzenie)

employee benefit (non-wage compensation)

synonym - fringe benefit;

e.g. a company car, additional holiday, free language course, etc.

PL: dodatek, dodatkowe świadczenie

PROCUREMENT

collocations:

procurement price

public procurement

acquisition of equipment, materials, supplies, etc.

PL: zaopatrzenie, nabywanie,

zamówienia publiczne: public ~

PROVISION

collocations:

provision against losses

provision for deferred taxes

An amount from profits that has been put aside in a company's accounts to cover a future liability.

PL: rezerwa

NOTE: see 'reserve'

RECEIPT

/rɪˈsiːt/

collocations:

cash register receipt

receipt date

receipt of goods

1. a written acknowledgment of having received money or goods as specified.

PL: paragon, pokwitowanie

RECONCILIATION

collocations:

account reconciliation

reconciliation of accounts

the process of ensuring that two sets of records (usually the balances of two accounts) are in agreement.

PL: uzgodnienie

REFUND

collocations:

to request a refund

to make a refund

REMITTANCE

collocations:

remittance order

remittance address

send a remittance

Money transfer.

RESERVE

collocations:

 reserve capital

capital reserve

reserve for payables

An appropriation (allocation) of profits for a specific purpose.Contrary to provision, there is no actual need to make it.

PL: rezerwa

deduction

PL: odejmowanie

When calculating, we say: minus or take away

verb: subtract; deduct

TALLY

collocations:

tally clerk

to tally up

1. Verb: to correspond one with the other;

to count, calculate;

PL:. zgadzać się (o kwotach); podliczyć

2. Noun: A reckoning, score, or amount.

PL:  rejestr; wynik, rezultat

e.g. the accounts don't ~ - rachunki nie zgadzają się

RECURRING

collocations:

recurring payment

recurring cost

occurring, appearing repeatedly

PL: okresowy, powtarzający się

DEADLINE

collocations:

tough deadline

to meet the deadline

a date or time when something must be finished

PL: termin; data wykonania

TRIAL BALANCE

a listing of the accounts in the general ledger at the end of the accounting period that shows if the general ledger is in balance before making closing entries.

PL: zestawienie obrotów i sald; bilans próbny

NON-RECURRING

collocations:

non-recurring item

non-recurring income

PL: jednorazowy 

TAX DEDUCTIBLE (COST)

An item or expense subtracted from adjusted gross income to reduce the amount of income subject to tax.

PL: koszt uzyskania dochodu

BREAK EVEN

collocations:

break-even point

break-even analysis

1. noun: the point at which cost or expenses and revenue are equal: there is no net loss or gain;

2. verb:  not to make either profit or loss.

PL: 1. próg rentowności; 2. 'wychodzić na zero'

RATIO

collocations:

the ratio of ..... to .....

debt ratio

financial (accounting) ratio

the relation in quantity or degree between two things;

proportional relation; rate; index; indicator.

PL: wskaźnik, współczynnik; stosunek

EQUITY

collocations:

shareholder's equity

ownership equity

equity capital

the difference between the value of the asset/interest and the cost of the liabilities of something owned.

PL: udział; kapitał (własny)

ACQUISITION

collocations:

acquisition of assets

acquisition cost / price / value, etc.

PAYABLE

collocations:

accounts payable

payable through account

payable in full

1. Noun: sum of money that should be paid, as agreed or required;

PL: zobowiązania

2. Adj.: possible or necessary to pay;

PL: płatny; do zapłaty

RECEIVABLE

collocation:

accounts receivable

1. Noun:amounts due from a customer, supplier, etc.

claim; debt;

PL: wierzytelności

2. Adj.: awaiting or requiring payment; due or collectible;

PL: należny

VENDOR

collocations:

street vendor

vendor of software products on the Internet

vending machine

A supplier; someone (or a machine) that sells or vends goods;

opposite: purchaser

PL: dostawca; sprzedawca, sprzedający;

automat do sprzedaży

RECORDS

collocations:

sales records

public records

criminal records

documented information; register; entries

PL: ewidencja;

archiwum;

akta;

dokumentacja