Term
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Definition
| unossified remnants of the membranes in newborns |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior (ossified w/i 18-36 mo), posterior, mastoid and sphenoid which are ossified w/i 6 months or so |
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Term
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Definition
produces wrinkles in forehead and gives faccial expression of Astonishment
nn: all mimetic muscles by facial nerve (cranial nerve CNVII) |
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Term
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Definition
produces folds in lateral ange of the eye
nn: facial n. |
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Term
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Definition
pulls the skin and eyebrow down and medially. produces vertical folds; protects against light; thinkers brow expression
nn: facial n. |
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Term
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Definition
| its contraction closes the mouth; strong contraction gives sucking shape |
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Term
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Definition
| enables air to be blown outof th emouth; pulls angle of the mouth laterally; keeps the mucous membrane of the cheek free of folds |
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Term
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Definition
| lifts the corner of the mouth upward |
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Term
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Definition
| laughing muscle; together wiht zygomatic major it produces the nasolabial folds |
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Term
Muscles of Mastication
1. masseter 2. temporalis 3. lateral 4. medial pterygold |
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Definition
all nn by mandibular n
develop from 1st brachial artery |
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Term
| cranial nerve had 3 branches |
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Definition
| opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular |
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Term
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Definition
powerfully closes the jaw by elevating the mandible
nn: masseteric N |
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Term
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Definition
strongest elevator of lower jaw
nn: deep temporal n <--- mandibular n. |
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Term
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Definition
mandibular movements (guiding muscle)
nn: lateral pterygoid n <----mandibular N |
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Term
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Definition
runs at right angles to the lateral pterygoid m
elevates mandible and pushes it forward; rotational mvmt
nn: medial pterygoid n <-----mandibular n |
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Term
| the blood supply of the face is by: |
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Definition
| mostly by: ext. carotid//partially by: int. carotid |
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Term
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Definition
| supratrochlear a. and supraorbital a ; both from opthalmic a |
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Term
| facial vein anastomoses via |
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Definition
angular vein (with dorsal nasal vain)
is extremely important since this allows a direct connection to cavernous sinus, through which infections e.g. from a furnucle on the lip, may get into skull |
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Term
| sensory innervation to the face: |
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Definition
| trigeminal nerve; maxillary n; mandibular n; sensitivy of the 3 branches of trig. n. can be tested by pressing nerves |
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Term
| Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) |
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Definition
a disorder of unknown cause associated wiht intractible pain along the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve but especially along maxillary and mandibular nerve; a simple trigger s/a touch, cold or hot can start the pain
therapy: carbamazepine, radio frequency destruction of the branches involved
alcohol or glycerin injection around the trigeminal ganglion
transection of the sensory root
vascular decompression of the trigeminal ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
in the nect, but may be included with the bony skeleton of the skull
parts: body (anterior), greater horns(laterally), lesser horns (upwards) |
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Term
| muscles of the neck: platysma |
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Definition
the only cutaneous muscle in the human body (under the skin)
brings down the corners of the mouth; nn. facial nerve
injury of this nerve leads to paralysis of platysma (skin falls away from the neck by folds)
careful sutures of the skin should be made in surgery of the neck region |
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Term
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Definition
elevation, retraction and rotation of scapula
nn: spinal root of accessory nerve |
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Term
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Definition
unilateral contraction turns the head to side and bends it ipsilaterally
lifts the head
also functions in respiration
nn: accessory n. |
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Term
| accessory nerve examination |
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Definition
sternomastoid: turn head agains resistance; compare power and muscle bulk on each side; compare each side with patient pulling head forward against resistance
trapezius: shrug shoulders and hold in position against resistance |
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Term
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Definition
head turns to the side and facea way from affected side
leads to stifness of neck due to fibrosis and shortening of the sternocleidomastoid
injury during delivery may also result in this
therapy: division of muscle below XI nerve or from tis distal attachment |
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Term
| Spasmodic Torticollis (wry neck) |
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Definition
20-60 yrs of age; may involve bilateral neck muscles esp the sternocleidomastoid m
unilateral deviation of the head (turning, tilting, flexion or extension of the neck)
may involve other muscles in the body
therapy: myotomy or also section of the spinal accessory n and upper cervicalant. roots |
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Term
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Definition
| all infrathyroid muscles work together to approximate thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone. When mouth is open, they stabilize laryngeal cartilages and the hyoid bone. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inf & sup belly
nn: most infrahyoid musc are nn by cervical ansa |
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Term
| sternohyoid m, omohyoid m, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid |
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Definition
| nn body C1 before giving the branch to cervical area |
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Term
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Definition
| digastric m, stylohyoid m myelohyoid m, geniohyoid m |
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Term
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Definition
raising hyoid and stabilizing it in speaking and swallowing depressing the mandible
nn ant belly: trigeminal n
nn post belly: facial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
elevates and retracts hyoid bone; elongates floor of the mouth
nn: facial N |
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Term
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Definition
elevates hyoid and floor of the mouth and tongue in swallowing and speaking
nn: myelohyoid n from inf alveolar n. |
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Term
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Definition
pulls the hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of the mouth and widens pharynx
nn: C1 via hypoglossal n |
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Term
| Atlas: submandibular region |
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Definition
| look at the relation between Hyoglossus and Myelohyoid M, the Lingual n, Submandibular gland, duct and ganglion and thy hyopglossal n |
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Term
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Definition
helps to flex the head
nn: cervical plex |
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Term
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Definition
bend the head forward and unilateral action turns the head sideways
nn: cervical plexus |
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Term
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Definition
unilateral contraction bends and turns cervical column to the side; also bend the cervical spine forwards
nn: cervical and brachial pl |
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Term
Scalene M
(scalene anterior, scalene medius, scalene posterior) |
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Definition
| most important muscles for quiet inspiration; they lift the first 2 pairs of ribs (sup part of thorax) unilateral contraction tilts cervical column to one side |
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Term
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Definition
splenius capitis, levator scapulae, post. scalene and middle scalene
content: cervical plexus
acc nerve comes from behind the sternocleidomastoid m. |
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Term
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Definition
| formed between scalene anterior and middle and 1st rib in shich run the brachial plexus and subclavian artery |
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Term
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Definition
borders: sup: post. belly of digastric
med: sup. belly of omohyoid lat: sternocleidomastoid
content:
external jugular vein and superficial cervical fascia
internal jugular vein and common facial vein
common carotid a.
carotid sinus
internal/external carotid a.
vagus nerve
descending branch of xii (upper root of cervical ansa runs above the carotid sheath)
hypoglossal N. |
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Term
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Definition
body's largest endocrine gland
produces thyroxin which controls the rate of metabolism of the body and calcitonin controlling Ca++ metabolism
blood supply: sup and inf thyroidal artery |
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Term
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Definition
enlargement of thyroid gland; usually not upward shift; endemic in areas deficient in iodine in food; swelling in the neck which may disturb trachea, esophagus and or laryngeal nerves
exophthalmic goiter is due to excessive production of thyroxin |
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Term
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Definition
removal of thyroid due to cancer
subtotat due to preservation of parathyroid glands adn recurrent as well as superior laryngeal nerves inadvertent removal of parathyroid glands lead to tetany, severe convulsion and muscle spasm due to decrease in serum ca++ and may lead to immediate respitory failure |
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Term
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Definition
usually 4, one upper and one lower gland per each thyroid tube; they are external to thyroid capsule and internal to the connective tissue sheath
f: production of parahormon; controlling the metabolism of P and Ca++ |
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