Term
| Rapid acting Insulin Name |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid acting Insulin Onset |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid acting Insulin Peak |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid acting Insulin Duration |
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Definition
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Term
| Short acting Insulin Name |
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Definition
| Regular(R) (humulin or novolin) |
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Term
| Short acting Insulin Onset |
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Definition
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Term
| Short acting Insulin Peak |
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Definition
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Term
| Short acting Insulin Duration |
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Definition
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Term
| Intermediate acting insulin Name |
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Definition
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Term
| Intermediate acting insulin Onset |
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Definition
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Term
| Intermediate acting insulin Peak |
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Definition
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Term
| Intermediate acting insulin Duration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| No peak time; insulin is delivered at a steady level |
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Term
| Long acting Insulin Duration |
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Definition
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Term
| What typically causes anaphylaxis reactions? |
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Definition
| Parentaral injection of drugs (especially antibiotics) or blood products, and following insect stings |
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Term
| Therapeutic management for anaphylaxis |
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Definition
| speed in recognition of signs and symptoms, maintenance of a patent airway, prevention of spread of te allergen by using a tourniquet, administration of drugs, and treatment for shock |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for anaphylactic shock |
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Definition
Ensure patent airway
Epinephrine subcutaneously for mild symptoms (repeat at 10-15 min intervals
Administer high flow oxygen
Place recumbent and elevate legs
Keep warm
Administer diphenhydramine IM or IV Administer histamine H2 blockers such as cimetidine
Maintain blood pressure with fluids, volume expanders, vasopressors, dopamine, norepinephine bitartrate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| They are information sheets produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that explain to vaccine recipients, their parents, or their legal representatives both the benefits and risks of a vaccine. Federal law requires that VISs be handed out whenever (before each dose) certain vaccinations are given. |
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Term
| Subcutanous injection site for infants <12 months of age |
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Definition
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Term
| Subcutaneous injection site for persons greater than or equal to 12 months |
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Definition
| upper outer triceps of the arm and thigh |
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Term
| Needle used for subcutaneous injections |
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Definition
| 5/8-inch, 23- to 25-gauge needle |
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Term
| Angle for subcutaneous injection |
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Definition
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Term
| Sites for intramuscular injections |
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Definition
vastus
lateralis muscle (anterolateral thigh) and the deltoid muscle (upper arm). |
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Term
| Intramuscular needle gauge |
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Definition
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Term
| Angle for intramuscular injections |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you document when you give a vaccine? |
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Definition
1. Date of administration
2. Name or common abbreviation of vaccine
3. Vaccine lot number
4. Vaccine manufacturer
Appendix D
D
D-15
5. Administration site
6. Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) edition date (found in the lower right corner of the back of
the VIS).
7. Name and address of vaccine administrator. This should be the address where the record is kept.
If immunizations are given in a shopping mall, for example, the address would be the clinic where
the permanent record will reside. |
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Term
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Definition
| High alert drug- bears a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when it is used in error. |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of a thrombus (clot) in association with inflammation of the vein |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of a thrombus (clot) in association with inflammation of the vein |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of a thrombus (clot) in association with inflammation of the vein |
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Term
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Definition
| High alert drug- bears a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when it is used in error. |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of a thrombus (clot) in association with inflammation of the vein |
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Term
| Superficial thrombophlebitis |
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Definition
Inflammation of a superficial vein
Occurs in about 65% of all patients receiving IV therapy
Is often of minor significance |
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Term
| Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
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Definition
a disorder involving a thrombus in a deep vein, most commonly the iliac and femoral veins
Occurs in at least 5% of all surgival patients
More serious than superficial thrombophlebitis because it can result in embolization of thrombi to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
1. Venous stasis
2. damage of the endothelium (innerlinig of the vein)
3. hypercoagualability of the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Valves are dysfunctional of the muscles of the extremities are inactive
Occurs more commonly in people who are obese, have chronic heart failure or atrial fibrillation, have been traveling on longs trips without regular exercise, have a prolonged surgical procedure, or are immobile for long periods |
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Term
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Definition
Damage to the endothelium of the vein may be caused by trauma or external pressure
Increased endothelial damage is sustained when patients on IV therapy are receiving caustic substances such as antibiotics, potassium, chemotherapeutic agents, or hypertonic solutions such as parenteral nutrition or contrast media
Can be caused by fractures of the pelvis/hip/leg, indwelling femoral vein catheter, trauma |
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Term
| Hypercoagulability of Blood |
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Definition
| Occurs in many hematologic disorders, increases risk for DVT formation |
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Term
| What are the serious events that can happen if a patient develips a DVT and it beaks loose? |
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Definition
Pulmonary embolism
Chronic venous insufficiency |
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Term
| Non-pharmacologic measures used to prevent DVT's |
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Definition
Early mobilization
Patients on bed rest need to be instructed to change position, dorsiflex their feet, and rotate their ankles every 2-4 hours
Patients who can get out of bed need to be in a chair for meals and ambulate at least 3 times per day
Antiembolism stockings (TED hose) increase venous blood flow, prevent venous dilation, and stimulate endothelia fibrinolytic activity |
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Term
| Pharmacologic measures used to prevent DVT's |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Anticoagulant for prevention of clot formation
Produced naturally by basophils and mast cells in the body locally at sites of injury
Used for:
DVT prevention
Stop further clot formation or enlargement
Prevention of clot formation in atrial fibrillation
Cardiopulmonary bypass for heart surgery
Reversed by protamine sulfate |
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Term
| Low molecular weight heparin |
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Definition
Molecule size is approximately 1/3 of heparin
Have a greater bioavailability, a more predicatable dose response, and a longer half life, and are less costly than heparin
Have a lower incidence of bleeding complications and heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Does not require anticoagulant monitoring and dose adjustment
Administered Subcutaneously in fixed doses once or twice daily
Prevention of DVT |
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Term
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Definition
| andicoagulant of choice for long-term or extended anticoagulation, inhibits activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, vitamin K is the reversal agent |
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Term
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Definition
5000u sc q8 or q12 hours.
Prophylaxis for DVT. Most commonly used for: post-abdomina, thoracic, orthopedic, or gynecologic surgery. Used if previous history of DVT, or pt is immobile. Do not need to monitor aPTT. Often discontinued when discharged from the hospital.
Prevents clot from forming. |
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Term
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Definition
10,000 u sc. per dose OR Continuous IV infusion. Most often used for acute DVT or arterial thrombi. IV therapy for 4-5 days. Coumadin started simultaneously, but definitely before IV Heparin is discontinued. Monitor aPTT and platelet count.
Prevents clot from becoming larger. Does not ‘dissolve’ clot. |
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Term
| International normalized ration (INR) |
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Definition
| Anticoagulant level measured by this when patient is on warfarin (Coumadin) |
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Term
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) |
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Definition
| Anticoagulant level is measured by this when patient is on Heparin and Hirudin Derivatives |
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Term
| What does the nurse need to know to prevent complications in patients who are on anticoagulants? |
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Definition
| Nursing activities should be adjusted to monitor for and reduce the risk of bleeding that may occur with anticoagulant administration. The nurse should observe closely for any signs of bleeding. |
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Term
| What does the patient/family need to be taught when a patient is being discharges on anticoagulant therapy? |
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Definition
1. Reasons for and basic mechanism of action of anticoagulant therapy and how long anticipated therapy will last.
2. Need to take medication at same time each day (preferably in pm or hs)
3. Need for frequent follow-up with blood tests
4. Side effects and adverse effects of drug therapy requiring medical attention (blood in urine or stool, bleeding that does not stop after 10-15 min, unusual bleeding, severe headaches or stomach pains, weakness, dizziness, vomiting blood, cold blue painful feet)
5. avoid any trauma or inury that might cause bleeding
6. Avoid all aspiring containg drugs or NSAIDS
7. Limic alcohol intake
8. Wear a medic alert bracelet to indicate what anticoagulant is being taken
9. Avoid marked changes in eating habits
10. Consult with healt care provider before beginning or discontinuing any medication
11. Avoid herbal products that may alter coagulation |
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Term
| What shouldn't you do when administering low dose heparin or LMWH subcutaneously? |
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Definition
Don't inject within 2 inches of the umbilicus.
Don't inject into a muscle
Don't aspirate
Don't run the injetion site |
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Term
| What site is prefered to administer subcutaneous low dose heparin or LMWH? |
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Definition
| Abdominal for absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize, and exit the body |
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Term
| Six Rights of Medication Administration |
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Definition
Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Client
Right Route
Right Time
Right Documentation |
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Term
| Anaphylactic reaction symptoms |
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Definition
| sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, shortness of breath |
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Term
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Definition
| the combined effect of the two medications is greater than the effect of the medications when given separately |
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Term
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Definition
low-flow delivery device
Useful for a patient requiring low O2 concentrations. Allows patient to move about in bed. Patient can eat, talk or cough while wearing device. |
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Term
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Definition
| O2 can be given quickly for short periods. Useful when transporting patients. O2 concentrations of 35-50% can be achieved with flow rates of 6-12L/min. Mask provides adequate humidification of inspired air. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lightweight and easy to use. Reservoir bag conserves O2. Useful for short-term (24hr) therapy for patients needing higher O2 concentrations. |
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Term
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Definition
| High concentrations of O2 can be delivered accurately. O2 flows into bag and mask during inhalation. Valve prevents expired air from flowing back into bag. Useful for short-term (24hr) therapy for patients needing higher O2 concentrations. |
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Term
| Oxygen-Conserving Cannula |
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Definition
| Cannula has a build in reservoir that increases O2 concentration delivered and allows patient to use lower flow, usually 30-50% which increases comfort, lowers cost, and can be increased with activities. It can deliver up to 8 L/min or O2. It is reportedly more comfortable than standard cannulas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Catheter is less visible. Increases amount of time available from portable sources of O2. Less nasal irritation occures. Invasive procedure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tent is ideal for providing moderate to high density aerosol. O2 concentration administrered varies with 02 flow rate. Amount of O2 delivered is imprecise. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collar can deliver high humidity and O2 via tracheostomy. Collar does not fit tightly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tight fit allows better O2 and humidity delivery than tracheostomy collar. |
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Term
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Definition
High flow delivery device.
Mask can deliver precise, high flow rates of O2. Lightweight plastic, cone-shaped device is fitted to face. Masks are available for delivery of 24%, 28%, 31%, 35%, 40% and 50% O2. Adaptors can be applied to increase humidification. Mask is uncomfortable and must be removed when patient eats. Voice may be muffled when patient talks. |
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