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Skeletal, Muscular, and Skin
Vocabulary
41
Biology
9th Grade
05/13/2010

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Term
circulatory system
Definition
transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells
Term
endocrine system
Definition
controls growth, development, and metabolism
Term
immune/lymphatic system
Definition
protects the body from disease; collects lost fluid and returns to circulatory system
Term
integumentary system
Definition
serves as a barrier against infection and injury
Term
muscular system
Definition
movement
Term
nervous system
Definition
recognizes and coordinates the body's response to changes in its environments
Term
skeletal system
Definition
supports the body; protects internal organs; allows movement
Term
periosteum
Definition
tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone
Term
bone marrow
Definition
soft tissue inside the cavities within bones; two types are yellow and red marrow
Term
yellow marrow
Definition
made up primarily of fat cells
Term
red marrow
Definition
produces red blood cells, some kinds of white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets
Term
cartilage
Definition
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
Term
ossification
Definition
process of bone formation, during which cartilage is replaced by bone
Term
joint
Definition
place where one bone attaches to another
Term
ligaments
Definition
strip of tough connective tissue that holds bones together at a joint
Term
myosin
Definition
protein that makes up the thick filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells
Term
actin
Definition
protein that mainly makes up the thin filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells
Term
tendons
Definition
tough connective tissues; connect muscles and bones
Term
epidermis
Definition
outer layer of the skin
Term
dermis
Definition
inner layer of the skin
Term
hypodermis
Definition
subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the dermis
Term
keratin
Definition
tough, fibrous protein found in skin
Term
melanin
Definition
dark-brown pigment found in skin
Term
hair follicle
Definition
tubelike pocket of epidermal cells that extends into the dermis; cells at the base produce hair
Term
erythrocytes
Definition
alternative name for red blood cells
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
iron-containing protein found in the red blood cells that help the oxygen bind
Term
leukocytes
Definition
alternative name for white blood cells
Term
digest bacteria, prevent infections, fight parasites
Definition
function of white blood cells (3)
Term
90%
Definition
percent of plasma portion of blood that is water
Term
get worn out from squeezing through narrow capillaries
Definition
reason why red blood cells have a short life span
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
type of white blood cell that produces antibodies that help destroy pathogens
Term
platelets
Definition
clot blood; cell fragment released by bone marrow that helps in blood clotting
Term
blood type O
Definition
"universal donors"
Term
blood type AB
Definition
"universal recipients"
Term
point of origin
Definition
muscle attached to a bone that remains stationary during muscle contraction
Term
point of insertion
Definition
muscle attached to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts
Term
basal cell, squamous cell
Definition
two most common types of skin cancer
Term
malignant melanoma
Definition
most fatal type of skin cancer
Term
women
Definition
Do men or women most often get melanomas?
Term
sweat glands
Definition
produce sweat; takes heat and wastes away
Term
sebaceous glands
Definition
produce oily secretion called sebum; spreads out along surface of skin and helps to keep keratin-rich epidermis flexible and waterproof
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