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Skeletal System Vocabulary
Anatomy and Physiology
68
Biology
11th Grade
12/15/2017

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Term
Hematopoesis
Definition
Making blood cells
Term
Long
Definition
Bones that are longer than wide are called _?_
Term
Short
Definition
Bones that are about as long as they are wide are called _?_
Term
Flat
Definition
Bones that are like a sandwich of compact bone with a spongy bone inside are called _?_
Term
Irregular
Definition
Bones that don't fit with any of the other categories of the bone shapes; not long, short or flat.
Term
Compact
Definition
Bone that is dense and layered with calcium carbonate
Term
Spongy
Definition
Bone that is porous and makes blood cells
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
The tibial _?_ is a knob at the proximal end of the tibia and is a site for ligament attachment
Term
Crest
Definition
Narrow ridge of bone like the top of the iliac bone
Term
Head
Definition
The end of a bone that fits into a joint; usually on a neck like the structure seen on the femur
Term
Ramus
Definition
Arm-like bar of bone like on the mandible
Term
Meatus
Definition
Canal that goes through bone
Term
Fossa
Definition
A bowl-like depression in a bone; often seen in the interior of the cranium
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
Shaft of the bone with medullary cavity
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Widened end of the bone with red marrow in it
Term
Medullary
Definition
This cavity has yellow marrow in it where fat is stored
Term
Lacuna
Definition
Location in matrix where osteocyte lives
Term
Haversian
Definition
This canal allows blood vessels to travel lengthwise through a bone
Term
Osteon
Definition
This cylindrical structure includes lamella, osteocytes and canaliculi surrounding a central canal
Term
Periosteum
Definition
This is the membrane that surrounds a bone
Term
Sharpeys
Definition
_?_ fibers hold the periosteum to the bone
Term
Cartilage
Definition
This hyaline-protein material acts as the scaffold for bone development
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
These cells along with osteocytes, build bone
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
These cells take calcium out of the bone
Term
Epiphyseal
Definition
This plate is also called the growth plate
Term
Parathyroid
Definition
This hormone works to break bone down; it causes calcium to go into the bloodstream
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
This hormone takes calcium out of the blood and gets it to be deposited into the bone
Term
Simple
Definition
This type of break might not require an open reduction particularly if it is a fracture
Term
Compound
Definition
This type of break results in a bone protruding from the body and requires an open reduction
Term
Comminuted
Definition
This type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks into pieces
Term
Compression
Definition
This type of fracture happens when bone is crushed
Term
Depression
Definition
This is a fracture to the skull that results in the bone breaking inward; often the result of blunt-force trauma
Term
Impacted
Definition
This type of fracture causes the long bones to telescope into themselves
Term
Spiral
Definition
This fracture often happens in cases of child abuse or in football injuries when torque is applied to a long bone like the humerus or femur
Term
Greenstick
Definition
This type of fracture would happen to a younger person and results in splintering opposite the impact site
Term
Axial
Definition
The bones of the cranium, face, ribcage, sternum and vertebral column
Term
Appendicular
Definition
These bones include the appendages and their appropriate girdles
Term
Scapula
Definition
Shoulder blade
Term
Sternum
Definition
Breastbone
Term
Coccyx
Definition
Tailbone
Term
Atlas
Definition
The vertebra that allows you to nod your head up and down
Term
Axis
Definition
The vertebra that allows you to turn your head back and forth to indicate "no"
Term
Floating
Definition
This type of false rib does not connect to the sternum or the cartilage of the ribcage
Term
Symphysis
Definition
The piece of cartilage called the pubic _?_ is found between the anterior portions of the pelvic girdle and joins the pubis
Term
Acetabulum
Definition
This is the hip socket
Term
Glenoid
Definition
This cavity is where your shoulder connects with your humerus
Term
Synarthroses
Definition
Immovable joint
Term
Amphiarthroses
Definition
This joint is slightly moveable and is found in the vertebral column
Term
Diarthroses
Definition
This joint is freely articulated
Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition
Often occurs with age and results in joints losing cartilage and gaining bony material
Term
Rheumatoid
Definition
This arthritis is an autoimmune disease and results in the body attacking the joints
Term
Gout
Definition
Often exacerbated by excessive fatty foods in the diet, this disease is caused when uric acid builds up in the joints
Term
Bursitis
Definition
Inflammation of the bursae
Term
Plane
Definition
_?_ joints are found between the flat surfaces of the carpals
Term
Hinge
Definition
_?_ joints are best seen in the knee and elbow
Term
Pivot
Definition
_?_ joints are best seen in the radius and ulna
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
A lateral bending of the vertebral column
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
This bend in the spine results in a hunched appearance
Term
Lordosis
Definition
This spinal issue results in the hips being tilted backward making the buttocks look more pronounced
Term
Fontanels
Definition
These areas of the skull are softer when you are young but harden as your get older
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
This condition of the bones makes them brittle and easily fractured into many smaller pieces
Term
Condyle
Definition
The occipital _?_ rests and articulates against the atlas
Term
Cranial
Definition
These flat bones make the dome of your skull and include the frontal, parietals, temporals and occipital
Term
Mandible
Definition
Your lower jaw
Term
Alveolar
Definition
This margin is the demarcation between the teeth and the jaw bones
Term
Calcaneus
Definition
The heel bone
Term
Ischium
Definition
This part of the pelvis is meant to sit on
Term
Cribiform
Definition
The _?_ plate allows olfactory nerves to travel through your skull for you to be able to smell
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