Term
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Definition
- based on how they look
- spongy bone and compact bone
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Term
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Definition
| this looks and feels bubbly |
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Term
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Definition
| this is dense and feels smooth to the touch |
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Term
| Classification of Bones (4) |
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Definition
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
- irregular bones
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Term
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Definition
| these tend to have more length and have spongy bone in the ends ex. femur |
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Term
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Definition
| these are less long with less prominent ends ex. metacarpals and metatarsals |
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Term
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Definition
| platelike bones ex. ribs, scapula, and skull bones |
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Term
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Definition
| anything else ex. vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
- epiphysis
- diaphysis
- articular cartilage
- periosteum
- red marrow cavity
- yellow marrox cavity
- epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
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Term
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Definition
| If you add this it means that that organ is enflammed ex. pancreatitis |
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Term
| Bone Growth and Development (2) |
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Definition
- Membranous Bone Growth
- Cartilagenous Bone Growth
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Term
| Membranous Bone Growth (4 steps) |
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Definition
- These bones develop from layers of connective tissue
- These layers will form in the area of the bone
- Then osteoblasts become active and begin laying intercellular material (calcium salts)
- Tissues around this form a periosteum and the osteoblasts on the inside form a layer of compact bone over the new spongy bone
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Term
Cartilagenous Bone Growth
(Step 1 of 6) |
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Definition
the original mass of cartilage is more or less shaped like the bone it will become
(the child is still in the mom) |
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Term
Cartilagenous Bone Growth
(Step 2 of 6) |
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Definition
| Ossification begins in the middle of the diaphysis. The cartilage breaks down and a periosteum forms. Blood vessels and osteoblasts invade the cartilage and spongy bone is formed. This is called a primary ossification site. Osseus tissue develops toward the ends of the cartilage. |
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Term
Cartilagenous Bone Growth
(Step 3 of 6) |
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Definition
| Osteoblasts under the periosteum form a thin layer of compact bone. |
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Term
Cartilagenous Bone Growth
(Step 4 of 6) |
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Definition
The epiphyses remain cartilage and continue to grow.
(child is born at this point) |
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Term
Cartilagenous Bone Growth
(Step 5 of 6) |
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Definition
| Secondary ossification sites appear in the epiphyses and spongy bone forms in all directions. THis leaves a band of cartilage called the epiphyseal plate. |
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Term
Cartilagenous Bone Growth
(Step 6 of 6) |
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Definition
| The plate shrinks as you grow until it is completely closed. |
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Term
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Definition
- Lack of Vitamin D
- Lack of Vitamin A
- Lack of Vitamin C
- Gigantism
- Dwarfism
- Osteoporosis
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Term
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Definition
| Vitamin D allows calcium salts to leave the blood and go to the bone cells (from dairy products and meat) lack of this causes deformed bones (rickets) |
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Term
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Definition
| Limits growth and causes weird bones. Found in carrots (carotene) and other colored vegetables (not green). |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes scurvy. This disease is characterized by long, slender, fragile bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease where the body makes too much human growth hormone (HGH or GH) the bones grow faster and longer (not caused by your diet). |
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Term
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Definition
| The body makes too little growth hormone. These people never grow up. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aging causes a loss of bony tissue. Fat and fibrous connective tissue fill in the space. |
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Term
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Definition
- Traumatic Fractures
- Pathological Fractures
- Compound Fractures
- Simple Fractures
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Term
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Definition
| these are caused by accidents or objects damaging bone |
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Term
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Definition
| These are caused by diseases (osteoporosis). |
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Term
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Definition
| The bone breaks the skin. This allows for bacterial infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| The bone doesn't break the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
- Greenstick Fracture
- Fissured Fracture
- Comminuted Fracture
- Transverse Fracture
- Oblique Fracture
- Spiral Fracture
- Avulsion Fracture
- Stress Fracture
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Term
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Definition
| Incomplete, longitudinal split on the outside of a curve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any other incomplete longitudinal break. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete break with 3 or more pieces. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete, at a right angel to the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete fracture at any other angel than 90 degrees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by excessive twisting. |
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Term
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Definition
| The muscle is stronger than the bone and tears a piece of the bone away. |
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Term
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Definition
| These fractures are on the inside of bones. |
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Term
Repair of Fractures
(Step 1 of 6) |
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Definition
| Upon breaking, blood vessels and the periosteum are torn, escaping blood spreads and forms a clot. This will form a hematoma or bruise. This will be accompanied by swelling, pain, redness, and warmth. |
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Term
Repair of Fractures
(Step 2 of 6) |
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Definition
| Eventually new blood vessels and osteoblasts form and invade the hematoma. Granulation develops. |
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Term
Repair of Fractures
(Step 3 of 6) |
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Definition
| Osteoblasts close to blood supplies develop spongy bone. In further regions fibroblasts form fibrocartilage. |
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Term
Repair of Fractures
(Step 4 of 6) |
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Definition
| Phagocytic cells migrate to the area and begin to remove the hematoma. |
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Term
Repair of Fractures
(Step 5 of 6) |
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Definition
| In time fibrocartilage fills in the space and this mass is called a callus. This is later replaced by osseus tissue, the same thing as new bone developing. |
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Term
Repair of Fractures
(Step 6 of 6) |
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Definition
| Usually more bone is produced than is necessary but this will be eventually reabsorbed. |
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Term
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Definition
- Osteocyte
- Osteoblast
- Osteoclast
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Term
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Definition
| Phagocytic cells that eat bone fragments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Factors Affecting the Rate of Repair (4) |
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Definition
- How far apart the edges of the break are. This is why a break is set.
- Arm bones heal faster than leg bones.
- Age- condition of your circulatory system
- Your nutrition- protein (more important than calcium)
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Term
| Articulations or Joints (3) |
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Definition
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
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Term
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Definition
- immovable joints
- sutures (coronal suture)
- syndesmoses (between the radius and ulna or tibia and fibula)
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Term
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Definition
- slightly movable
- symphysis- disc of fibrous cartilage between two bones ex. pubic symphysis
- synchrondroses- these are between the ribs and sternum
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Term
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Definition
movble joints
- Ball and Socket Joints
- Hinge Joints
- Saddle Joint
- Pivot Joint
- Condyloid Joint
- Gliding Joints
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| these are in the thumb where the metacarpal and carpal meet |
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Term
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Definition
| the atlas pivots on the axis |
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Term
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Definition
| between the radius and carpals |
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Term
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Definition
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