Term
function of pelvic girdle |
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Definition
attachment of the pelvic appendages; supports weight of the body from the vertebral column; protects and supports the lower organs |
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Term
bones that comprise pelvic girdle and type |
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Definition
two (coxal) hip bones -- os coxae or innominate bones; during childhood--illium, ischium,pubis;fused in adult; replacement bones |
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Definition
the great bone which makes a lateral half of the pelvis in mammals; hip bone; haunch bone |
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Definition
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a growing together of bones originally separate, as of the two pubic bones |
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the space bound by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera |
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Definition
weakly supported by a single skeletal element on each side of the body; these element usually separate but may articulate with each other or be joined by a bridge of cartilage |
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Term
pelvic girdle of tetrapods |
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Definition
3 bones are constant in adult; embryos develop cartilaginous pelvic plate that ossifies at two centers: anterior pubis and posterior ischium; dorsal to pelvic plate gives rise to ilium |
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Term
pelvic girdle of primitive amphibians |
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Definition
solid triangle-shaped girdle;pubis with obturator foramen; pubis of modern amphibians is cartilaginous; one sacral vertebra |
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Term
pelvic girdle of reptiles |
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Definition
variable, but basically like labyrinthodonts; firmer contact with the spine; puboischiadic fenestrum usually present (alsocalled ischiopubic); two sacral vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
ilium and ischium greatly expanded and united with the synsacrum; no pelvic symphysis;usually three sacral vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
long and expanded ilium which extends forward from acetabulum; large obturator fenestrum represents both the obturator foramen and puboischiadic fenestrum of the ancestor; symphysis almost always present |
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Definition
steering, rolling, braking, stabilzing, and to provide forward and vertical movement |
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Term
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Definition
supported within body by a series of pterygiophers (radials); proximal piece often called a basal. There is a skeletal base that may be cartilaginous or bony. Fins of advanced fishes supported by a series of fin rays. Rays are covered with skin |
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Definition
segmented, bony dermal scales |
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cartilaginous, unsegemented fin support structures |
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the bones or cartilages with which the base of the rays of median fins articulate; the conecting points for the dorsal and anal fin rays |
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Term
paired fins of agnathan vertebrates |
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Definition
no trace of paired appendages |
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Term
paired fins of placoderms and acanthodians |
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Definition
varied from stiff spines to hinged arms and multiples spines |
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Term
paired fins of chondrichthyes |
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Definition
internal skeleton with series of radials and heavy basals; if there are 3 basals: pro, meso, and metapterygia |
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Term
paired fins of actinopterygii |
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Definition
proximal row of bony radials and distal series of lepidotrichs |
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Term
paired fins of sarcopterygii (archiptergium, dipnoans) |
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Definition
have radials that are biserial, series of radials on each side of a median axis |
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Term
paired fins of sarcopterygii (crossopterygium) |
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Definition
have radials that are uniserial, series of radials on one side of the axis, ancestral to tetrapod limb |
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Definition
located along the centerline, dorsally and ventrally |
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Definition
rolling, defense, and display |
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Term
variations of median fins |
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Definition
many variations between classes including size, shape, and color |
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Term
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Definition
1)fishes evolved in times of drought and used limbs to move between ponds 2)tetrapods evolved in humid areas--they walked on the bottom with their lobed-shaped fins and could crawl up on damp shores to escape enemies and find food; limbs evolved from crossopterygium |
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Term
evolutionary trend of limbs |
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Definition
tetrapods evolved from a lineage of bony fishes (lobed finned fishes) which retained the ancestral position of the pelvic girdle and fins at the back end of the body, allowing for the eventual evolution of the tetrapod limbs |
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Term
evolutionary trend of limbs (derived tetrapods) |
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Definition
major innovation of appendicular skeleton has been to move the legs directly underneath the body, rather than being sprawled out to the side, as in most mammals |
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