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Skeletal System
skeletal system limbs fins
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
11/11/2012

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Term
function of pelvic girdle
Definition
attachment of the pelvic appendages; supports weight of the body from the vertebral column; protects and supports the lower organs
Term
bones that comprise pelvic girdle and type
Definition
two (coxal) hip bones -- os coxae or innominate bones; during childhood--illium, ischium,pubis;fused in adult; replacement bones
Term
acetabulum
Definition
socket for thigh bone
Term
innominate bone
Definition
the great bone which makes a lateral half of the pelvis in mammals; hip bone; haunch bone
Term
coxal
Definition
the hip or hip joint
Term
symphysis
Definition
a growing together of bones originally separate, as of the two pubic bones
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
the space bound by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera
Term
pelvic girdle of fishes
Definition
weakly supported by a single skeletal element on each side of the body; these element usually separate but may articulate with each other or be joined by a bridge of cartilage
Term
pelvic girdle of tetrapods
Definition
3 bones are constant in adult; embryos develop cartilaginous pelvic plate that ossifies at two centers: anterior pubis and posterior ischium; dorsal to pelvic plate gives rise to ilium
Term
pelvic girdle of primitive amphibians
Definition
solid triangle-shaped girdle;pubis with obturator foramen; pubis of modern amphibians is cartilaginous; one sacral vertebra
Term
pelvic girdle of reptiles
Definition
variable, but basically like labyrinthodonts; firmer contact with the spine; puboischiadic fenestrum usually present (alsocalled ischiopubic); two sacral vertebrae
Term
pelvic girdle of birds
Definition
ilium and ischium greatly expanded and united with the synsacrum; no pelvic symphysis;usually three sacral vertebrae
Term
pelvic girdle of mammals
Definition
long and expanded ilium which extends forward from acetabulum; large obturator fenestrum represents both the obturator foramen and puboischiadic fenestrum of the ancestor; symphysis almost always present
Term
function of fins
Definition
steering, rolling, braking, stabilzing, and to provide forward and vertical movement
Term
structure of fins
Definition
supported within body by a series of pterygiophers (radials); proximal piece often called a basal. There is a skeletal base that may be cartilaginous or bony. Fins of advanced fishes supported by a series of fin rays. Rays are covered with skin
Term
lepidotrichia
Definition
segmented, bony dermal scales
Term
ceratotrichia
Definition
cartilaginous, unsegemented fin support structures
Term
pterygiophore
Definition
the bones or cartilages with which the base of the rays of median fins articulate; the conecting points for the dorsal and anal fin rays
Term
paired fins of agnathan vertebrates
Definition
no trace of paired appendages
Term
paired fins of placoderms and acanthodians
Definition
varied from stiff spines to hinged arms and multiples spines
Term
paired fins of chondrichthyes
Definition
internal skeleton with series of radials and heavy basals; if there are 3 basals: pro, meso, and metapterygia
Term
paired fins of actinopterygii
Definition
proximal row of bony radials and distal series of lepidotrichs
Term
paired fins of sarcopterygii (archiptergium, dipnoans)
Definition
have radials that are biserial, series of radials on each side of a median axis
Term
paired fins of sarcopterygii (crossopterygium)
Definition
have radials that are uniserial, series of radials on one side of the axis, ancestral to tetrapod limb
Term
location of median fins
Definition
located along the centerline, dorsally and ventrally
Term
function of median fins
Definition
rolling, defense, and display
Term
variations of median fins
Definition
many variations between classes including size, shape, and color
Term
origin of tetrapod limbs
Definition
1)fishes evolved in times of drought and used limbs to move between ponds 2)tetrapods evolved in humid areas--they walked on the bottom with their lobed-shaped fins and could crawl up on damp shores to escape enemies and find food; limbs evolved from crossopterygium
Term
function of limbs
Definition
locomotion
Term
evolutionary trend of limbs
Definition
tetrapods evolved from a lineage of bony fishes (lobed finned fishes) which retained the ancestral position of the pelvic girdle and fins at the back end of the body, allowing for the eventual evolution of the tetrapod limbs
Term
evolutionary trend of limbs (derived tetrapods)
Definition
major innovation of appendicular skeleton has been to move the legs directly underneath the body, rather than being sprawled out to the side, as in most mammals
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