Term
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Definition
| muscle cell (skeletal, cardiac, or smooth) |
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Term
| What is another name for a SKELETAL muscle cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| plasma membrane of muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| cytoplasm of a muscle fiber |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue? |
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Definition
| striated, multinucleated, mostly voluntary control, involuntary control of diaphragm and reflexes |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of cardiac tissue? |
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Definition
| walls of the heart, striated, uninucleate, intercalated discs (gap junctions), branched cells, involuntary |
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Term
| Describe and give locations for smooth muscle |
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Definition
| walls of hollow organs (stomach, blood vessels, bladder, intestines), no striations, uninucleate, involuntary |
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Term
| What are the four functions of muscle? |
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Definition
| movement, posture, joint stabilization, and thermogenesis (heat generation) |
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Term
| cardiac muscle moves ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two forms of thermogenesis? |
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Definition
| contracting of skeletal muscles (excercise and shivering) and contraction of smooth muscle (goose bumps and dartos muscle) |
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Term
| What are the four functional characteristics of muscle? |
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Definition
| Contractibility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the CT components of skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
| Epimysium (surrounds entire muscle), perimysium (surounds fascicles), and endomysium(surrounds individual myocytes); tendon, aponeurosis, and fascia |
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Term
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Definition
| CT attachment of a skeletal muscle to a bone's periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dense sheet of CT that covers the body wall and limbs; supports and surrounds muscles/organs |
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Term
| What is the point of muscle attachment on the less movable bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the point of musce attachment on the more movable bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can you find capillaries in relation to muscle tissue? |
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Definition
| around each individual myocyte |
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Term
| What are the two components of sarcoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the predominant organelle in the skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the characteristic that differentiates pictures of muscle TISSUES from muscle CELLS? |
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Definition
| nuclei; if nuclei are present it is a cell |
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Term
| What are the the proteins that constitute myofibrils? |
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Definition
| contractile (actin and myosin), regulatory (tropomyosin and troponin), and structural proteins (titan and dystrophin) |
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Term
| What is the hierarchy of muscle fiber composition? |
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Definition
| myofilaments-->myofibrils-->muscle fiber |
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Term
| What are the two types of contractile myofilaments? |
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Definition
| actin (thin) and myosin (thick) |
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Term
| What are the five components of the sarcomere? |
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Definition
| Z discs, A band, I band, H zone, and M line |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| the boundary of each sarcomere |
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Term
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Definition
| region where thin and thick filaments overlap |
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Term
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Definition
| area on either side of an A Band that contains only thin filaments |
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Term
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Definition
| central part of A band where no filaments reach |
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Term
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Definition
| center of the H zone that contains rods that hold thick filaments together |
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Term
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Definition
| contractile organelles of the muscle fiber; help give muscle cell its striped appearance |
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Term
| What are the two types of regulatory proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chord-like protein covering myosin binding sites on actin molecues |
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Term
| Define and state the purpose of troponin |
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Definition
| protein complex attached to tropomyosin; binds with Ca and pulls tropomyosin OFF binding sites |
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Term
| What are the two structural proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protein that anchors the myofibrils to the sarcolemma |
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Term
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Definition
| elastic proteins that anchor the thick filaments to the z discs and resists overstretching |
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Term
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Definition
| invaginations of sarcolemma |
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Term
| Define sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) |
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Definition
| membranous sacs that encircle each myofibril; stores calcium ions |
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Term
| myofilaments ____ shorten |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of a motor unit? |
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Definition
| a single somatic motor neuron and all its muscle fibers |
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Term
| fine movements have ____ per motor unit |
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Definition
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Term
| gross movements have ____ per motor unit |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the enlargements at the end of the tiny branches of the motor neuron |
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Term
| What are the components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)? |
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Definition
| Axon terminal, sarcolemma of the muscle fiber, and the synaptic cleft |
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Term
| What are the three types of muscle fibers? |
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Definition
| Slow Oxidative (type 1), Fast Ox-Glycolytic (type IIa), fast glycolytic (type IIb/IIx) |
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Term
| the ___ muscle fibers present means the ___ time you can use them |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small invaginations in the sarcolemma that function to increase surface area; ACh receptors |
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Term
| Describe and provide the function for Slow Ox fibers |
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Definition
| Aerobic, red, small fiber diameter; functions to maintain posture and endurance activities |
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Term
| Describe and provide the function for Fast Ox-Glyc fibers |
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Definition
| Aerobic and anaerobic, pink, intermediate fiber diameter; used for walking or sprinting |
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Term
| Describe and provide the function for Fast-Glyc fibers |
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Definition
| Anaerobic, white, large fiber diameter; used for rapid intense movements of short duration |
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