Term
| 4 main components of atmosphere. |
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Definition
| Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon Dioxide |
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Term
| Lowest layer in atmosphere |
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Definition
Troposphere- 0-12 km
Temperature decreases w/ altitude
80% of total mass of atmosphere
Contains all of Earth's weather |
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Term
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Definition
Stratosphere- 17-45 km
Temperature increases w/ altitude
Contains Ozone Layer |
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Term
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Definition
Mesosphere- 50-83 km
Temperature decreases w/ altitude |
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Term
| Highest atmospheric layer |
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Definition
Thermosphere- 85-2400
Temperature increases w/ altitude
Layers of gases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Atmospheric layer containing most heat and weather. |
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Definition
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Term
| Atmospheric layer containing ozone layer. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Portion of thermosphere between around 90-500 km. It absorbs uv rays from sun and releases some of the energy in form of heat |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of oxygen gas. O*sub*3 |
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Term
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Definition
Radiation
Conduction
Convection |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of heat energy through space |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of heat energy through collisions of atoms and molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of heat energy through liquid and gas. |
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Term
| What role does the atmosphere play in the energy budget of the Earth? |
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Definition
| Using something called the Greenhouse effect, it keeps much of the earth's energy from escaping into outer space |
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Term
| How much of the incoming radiation from the sun is absorbed in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| 19% of the sun's radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere. |
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Term
| Of the sun's radiation that reaches the surface, how much is absorbed by the earth's surface? |
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Definition
| The Earth's surface absorbs 51% of the sun's radiation |
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Term
| Of the sun's radiation that reaches the surface, how much is reflected? |
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Definition
| All of the enerfy that reaches the earths surface is in one way or another radiated back to space. |
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Term
| The Earth is closer to the sun in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Formula for relative humidity is ______. |
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Definition
| (specific humidity/maximum capacity)100 |
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Term
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Definition
| TOTAL kinetic energy of all of the particles of the substance |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles of a substance |
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Term
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Definition
| Large body of air in the lower troposphere. |
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Term
| What determines an air mass's characteristics? |
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Definition
| Location the air mass originates. |
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Term
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Definition
| The temerature t which saturation occurs, and condensation begins |
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Term
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Definition
| Fog forms when a cold surface cools the warmer air above it. |
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Term
| What determines atmospheric pressure? |
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Definition
| Changes in elevation, temperature, and humidity. |
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Term
| High temperature = _____ atmospheric pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| High humidity = _____ atmospheric pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a thermometer actually measure? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a sling psychrometer work? |
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Definition
| A sling psychrometer has a wet-bulb thermometer and a dry-bulb thermometer. If the air is not saturated, than the wet-bulb will have a lower temperature than the dry-bulb. The greater the difference in temperature, the lower the humidity. |
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Term
| What is adiabatic cooling? |
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Definition
| Cooling w/o releasing heat. |
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Term
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Definition
| boundary between advaancing cold air mass and the warm air mass that it's displacing. |
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Term
| If warm air displaces cold air, the boundary between the air masses is known as a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| When warm air caught between two cold air masses is forced to rise, the result is known as an __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cold air mass pushing a warm one up. percipitaiton results. |
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Term
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Definition
| storms w/ thunder, lightning, rain, hail |
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Term
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Definition
| violently rotating column of air that usually touches the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| Large rotating storm of tropical origin that has sustained winds of at least 119 km/hr. |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of an object moving freely over earth's surfaace to curve away from its path of travel |
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Term
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Definition
| bands of swiftly moving winds. |
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Term
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Definition
| current of motion in mantle |
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Term
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Definition
| winds that change direction seasonally |
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Term
| Two types of plates making up the Earth's Crust. |
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Definition
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Term
| Three types of plate boundaries |
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Definition
| Transform, Convergent, Divergent |
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Term
| When an Oceanic plate plunges beneath another one, it is said to be _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What features are present at a subduciton boundary? |
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Definition
Deep-sea trenches
Volcanoes
Earthquakes |
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Term
| What boundary causes rift vallies to form? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of boundary will produce mountains? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the layers of the Earth? |
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Definition
| Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core |
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Term
| What is a "smoker" found along a mid ocean ridge? |
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Definition
| Divergent boundary where cylinders release heat waves |
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Term
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Definition
| opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt and to the landdform that develops around this opening. |
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Term
| What causes a volcano to erupt? |
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Definition
| A volcanic eruption occurs when magma rises to the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Three conditions that allow magma to form: |
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Definition
1. decrease in pressure lowers melting temperatures
2. increase in temperatures.
3. increase in the amount of water in atheonsphere can lower melting temperatures. |
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Term
| What plate boundaries result in volcanoes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of volcanoes? |
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Definition
Composite
Cinder Cone
Shield |
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Term
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Definition
| Layers of materials from successive explosive eruptions accumulate around a vent. |
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Term
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Definition
| molten lava is thrown into the air from a vent |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad base and gently sloping sides |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of magma. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Magma that reaches the earth's surface. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| sheet of igneous rock that cuts across layers verticly at a steep angle |
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Term
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Definition
| sheet of igneous rock that lies parallel to the layers it intrudes |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of volcanic activity that result from plumes of hot solid material that have risen from deep w/in earth's mantle. |
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Term
| What is a mid ocean ridge? |
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Definition
| Divergent plate boundary with a rift valley in the ocean. |
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Term
| More explosive eruptions usually involve magmas which ontain trapped gases. When these gases are released, solid fragments called _________ may be ejected. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| smallest pieces of pyroclastic materials |
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Term
| largest piece of pyroclastic material |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solidified lava filling the central vent of an extinct volcano. |
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Term
| main gases released by volcanic eruptions |
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Definition
| water vapor and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| This type of magma hs more silica |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of magma has a greater density than the other. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ magma melts at a higher temperature. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ magma is more viscous; it flows more slowly |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ magma has a lighter color. |
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Definition
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Term
| Silica, biotite, and hornblende are minerals of _____ magma. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ magma has a lighter color. |
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Definition
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Term
| Silica, biotite, and hornblende are minerals of _____ magma. |
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Definition
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Term
| Quartz, silica, and feldspar are minerals of _____ magma. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ magma comes from continental crust. |
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Definition
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Term
| How do igneous rocks form? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are extrusive rocks? |
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Definition
| Rocks formed at Earth's surface |
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Term
| What are intrusive rocks? |
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Definition
| Rocks that form from underground magma |
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Term
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Definition
| a regular geometric solid w/ smooth surfaces called crystal faces. |
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Term
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Definition
| break in the lithosphere along which movement has occured. |
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Term
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Definition
| break in the lithosphere along which no apparant movement has occured. |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal, Reverse, Strike-slip |
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Term
| ______ causes a reverse fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ causes a normal fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ causes a strike-slip fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ always has an angle in this direction: \ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shaking of earth's crust caused by a release of energy |
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Term
| energy released in earthquakes travel in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the instrument called that records the waves? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| _____ waves move in sraight lines. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ waves move in squiggly lines |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ waves can go through any material. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ waves can only travel through solid material. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| boundary where the dense rock of the mantle meets the less dense rock of the crust. |
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Term
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Definition
to measure magnitude
31 fold increase in energy |
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Term
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Definition
| measures energy released at earthquake's source |
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Term
| fold shaped like an A /////\\\\\ |
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Definition
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Term
| fold shaped like a U \\\\\///// |
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Definition
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Term
| old in the middle, young at the edge |
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Definition
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Term
| young in the middle, old at the edge |
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Definition
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Term
one direction \\\\\\
or ////// |
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Definition
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Term
| old is at the ______ (top or bottom) |
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Definition
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Term
| How do metaporphic rocks form? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 major types of metamorphic rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Foliated metamorphic rocks |
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Definition
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Term
| nonfoliated metamorphic rocks |
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Definition
| marble, quartzite, anthracite |
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Term
| another term for non-foliated |
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Definition
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