Term
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Definition
| Tendency to perceive stimuli as represented in the environment than as represented on the retina. |
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Term
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Definition
Tend to see targets as constant in size despite changes in the visual angle of the target.
Tend to see the environmental stimulus rather than retinal stimulus.
The environmental (distal) stimulus is 3-D, the retinal (proximal) stimulus is 2-D. |
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Term
| Linear Size vs. Angular Size |
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Definition
| Get closer to a target, linear size (size of target in environment) stays constant while the angular size (image of target on retina) increases. |
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Term
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Definition
| set of the distal stimuli that are equivalent in producing a given proximal stimulus. |
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Term
| Absolute distance perception |
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Definition
| how far things are from the observer |
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Term
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Definition
how far are 2 things in the visual array
(relative distance) |
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Term
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Definition
Linear Perspective
Relative Size
Aerial Perspective
Relative Brightness
Shading
Interposition |
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Term
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Definition
Motion parallax
- things that further away travel at slower speed across the retina than things up close. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can result from motion parallax where perception of 3-D can occur with motion within the 2-D stimulus. |
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Term
| Physiological Cues to Depth |
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Definition
Accomodation
Convergence
Stereopsis |
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Term
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Definition
| due to the 2 eyes being separated in space that see slightly different views of the world. When difference is extreme, we see diplopia or suppress one image. But if difference is small, one perceives depth. |
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Term
| Size Distance Invariance Hypothesis |
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Definition
| Ratio of size and distance is the same for an optical image and the perceived image. (such as with afterimages) |
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Term
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Definition
Small In, Large Out.
perception of size of an object, as convergence alone changes. |
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Term
| Monocular vs. Binocular Observers |
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Definition
| Monocular observers are at a disadvantage when in situations where an extensive visual field is required, where many monocular cues are not available, or where great speed and accuracy are essential for observation. |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to perceive the shape of a rigid object as constant despite differences in viewing angle as well as consequent differences in the shape of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye. |
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