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Site condition indicators
Common woody and non-woody indicator species in New England
84
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 4
06/10/2013

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Cards

Term
Speckled alder
(alnus rugosa)
Definition

Moderate to rich wetlands

Term
Black Ash
(Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
Definition

rich swamps

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Green ash
(fraxinus pennsylvanica)
Definition

rich, alluvial sites

* strong eco-indicator

Term
Bigtoothed aspen
(populus tremuloldes)
Definition

moderate sites

Term
White ash
(Fraxinus americana)
Definition

rich, moist sites

Term
Quaking aspen
(Populus tremuloldes)
Definition

generalist

strong on corse dry substrait

Term
Northern arrowwood
(Viburnum recognitum)
Definition

moderate to rich wetlands

Term
American basswood
(Tilia americana)
Definition

Rich moist sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
American beech
(Fagus grandifolia)
Definition

Moderate to dry sites

 

Term
Black birch

(Betula lenta)

Definition

Moderate sites

Term
Gray birch

(Betula papyrifera)

Definition

generalist

strong on coarse dry substraits 

Term
Paper birch

(Betula papyrifera)

Definition

generalist

 

Term
Yellow birch

(betula lutea)

Definition

moderate to moist, cool sites

Term
Highbush blueberry

(Vaccinium corymbosum)

Definition

acidic uplands and wetlands

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Lowbush blueberry

(Vaccinium angustifolium)

Definition

acidic, dry sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
European buckthorn

(Rhamnus frangula)

Definition

generalist

Term
Butternut

(Jugians cinerea)

Definition

rich moist sites

*strong eco-indicator 

Term
Easter red cedar

(Juniperus virginiana)

Definition

warm fields

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Black cherry

(prunus pensylvanica)

Definition

Rich moist or poor dry

 

Term
American chestnut

(castanea dentata)

Definition

warm dry sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Eastern cottonwood

(Populus deltoides)

Definition

aluvial sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Alternate-leaf dogwood

(Cornus alternifolia)

Definition

moderate sites

Term
Red-osier dogwood

(Cornus stolonifera)

Definition

moderate to rich wetlands

Term
Silky dogwood

(Cornus amomum)

Definition

moderate wetlands

Term
Common elderberry

(sambucus pubens)

Definition

rich, wet sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Red elderberry

(sambucus pubens)

Definition

moderate to poor sites

Term
American elm

(Ulmus americana)

Definition

rich moist sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Slippery elm

(Ulmus rubra)

Definition

moderate to rich sites

Term
Balsam fir

(Abies balsamea)

Definition

 moist cool sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Hawthorn

(Crataegus sp.)

Definition

pastures

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Eastern hemlock

(Tsuga canadensis)

Definition

generalist

Term

Bitternut hickory

(Carya cordiformis)

Definition

rich moist sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Shagbark hickory

(carya ovata)

Definition

rich warm sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Hobblebush

(Viburnun alnifolium)

Definition

cool sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Black huckleberry

(Gaylussacia baccata)

Definition

dry poor burned sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Hop hornbeam

(Ostrya virginiana)

Definition

rich dry sites

Term
Poison ivy

(Toxicodendron radicans)

Definition

rich moist or poor dry sites

Term
Common juniper

(Juniperus communis)

Definition

pastures, rock outcrops or poor coarse substraits

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Mountain laurel

(Kalmia latifolia)

Definition

acidic warm sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Sheep laurel

(Kalmia angustifolia)

Definition

acidic uplands and wetlands

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Leatherleaf

(chamaedaphne calyculata)

Definition

Acidic wetlands

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Black locust

(robinia pseudo-acacis)

Definition

rich site

Term
Ashleaf maple

(acer negundo)

Definition

alluvial sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Mountain maple

(Acer spicatum)

Definition

cool sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Silver maple

(Acer saccharinum)

Definition

rich alluvial sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Sugar maple

(Acer saccharum)

Definition

moderate to rich sites

Term
Musclewood

(Capinus caroliniana)

Definition

rich moist sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Nannyberry

(Viburnum ientago)

Definition

rich wetlands

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Chestnut oak

(Quercus prinus)

Definition

hot dry sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Red oak

(Quercus rubra)

Definition

moderate to warm dry sites

 

Term
White oak

(Quercus ilicifolia)

Definition

warm dry sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Scrub oak 

(Quercus ilicifolia)

Definition

poor dry burned sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Pitch pine

(Pinus rigida)

Definition

poor dry burned sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Red pine

(Pinus resinosa)

Definition

poor dry ledgy sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
White pine

(Pinus strobus)

Definition

generalist

Term
Sassafras

(Sassafras albidum)

Definition

warm dry sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Spicebush 

(Lindera benzoin)

Definition

rich wetlands

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Black spruce

(Picea mariana)

Definition

acidic wetlands

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Red spruce

(Picea rubens)

Definition

acidic cool sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
White spruce

(Picea glauca)

Definition

northern valleys

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Sweetfern

(Comptonia peregrino)

Definition

poor coarse substraits

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Sycamore

(Plantanus occidentalis)

Definition

Rich alluvial sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Tamarack

(Larix laricina)

Definition

acidic wet sites

*strong eco-indicator

Term

Mapleleaf viburnum

(Viburnum acerifoluem)

Definition

acid dry sites

Term
Virgina creeper

(Parthenociussus quinquefoa)

Definition

rich moist sites

Term
Wich hazel

(Hamamelis verginiana)

Definition

warm sites

Term
Wild raisin

(Viburnum cassinoides)

Definition

acidic wetlands and uplands

*strong eco-indicator

Term
Ostrich fern

(Matteuccia struthiopteris)

Definition

rich alluvial sites

Term
Painted trillum

(Trillum undulatum)

Definition

acidic cool sites

Term
Partridgeberry

(Mitchella repens)

Definition

acidic dry 

Term
Pink lady's slipper
Definition
acidic uplands
Term
Red baneberry

(Actaea rubra)

Definition

rich moist sites

Term
Red columbine

(Aquilegia conadensis)

Definition

rich dry sites

 

Term
Red trillium

(Trillum erectum)

Definition

rich moist sites

Term
Royal fern

(Osmunda regalis)

Definition

moderate wetlands

Term
Sensitive fern

(Onoclea sensibilis)

Definition

rich wetlands

Term
sharped-lobed hepatica

(Hepatica acutiloba)

Definition

rich uplands

Term
Skunk cabbage

(Symplocarpus foetidua)

Definition

rich warm swamps

Term
Spring beauty 

(Claytonia virginiana)

Definition

rich mosit sites

Term
Starflower

(Trientalis borealis)

Definition

acidic uplands

Term
Trailing arbutus

(Epigaea repens)

Definition

acidic dry sites

Term
Trout lilly

(Erythronium americanum)

Definition

rich moist sites

Term
Wild ginger

(Asarum canadense)

Definition

rich uplands

Term
Wild leek

(Allium tricoccum)

Definition

rich moist sites

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