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site analysis content_joel
notes from book
50
Architecture
Professional
08/25/2013

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
4 factors when deciding which attributes to map and analyze and which attributes to ignore are?
Definition
Proposed site uses (for example, project program)
Existing on-site and off-site conditions
Requirements for permitting and approvals
Costs of data collection and analysis
Collectively these four factors dictate the scope of the site inventory and analysis
Term
Site data that may be conveyed on a topographic survey
Definition
legal (property lines, easements, bldg setbacks, site area), topography, vegetation, soils/geography, hydrology, utilities, structures, circulation
Term
site attributes that vary seasonally?
Definition
wildlife distribution, wind direction and speed, seasonal high water table
Term
3 key attribute maps derived from a topgraphic survey
Definition
elevation, slope and aspect (orientation)
Term
typical coloring spectrum to enhance topographic elevation maps effectiveness?
Definition
cool colors (lower elevation) to warm colors (higher elevation)
Term
soil attributes that a site inventory may consider?
Definition
acidity/alkalinity (pH), permeability, erosion potential, depth to seasonally high-water table, depth to bedrock
Term
where does plant hardiness map come from?
Definition
USDA (US department of argiculture)
Term
atmospheric conditions that vary annually?
Definition
temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall, snowfall, solar radiation, potential natural hazards
Term
potential data sources for site inventory?
Definition
aerial photographs, subsurface boring, wide variety of reference maps
Term
Not always possible due to budgetary constraints, but best way to yield a much more comprehensive understanding of local site conditions? Especially drainage patterns, wind patterns, and microclimate.
Definition
site visit
Term
wetland classification on the basis of plant and soil conditions fall into what 3 categories?
Definition
areas with hydrophytes and hydric soils (marshes, swamps, and bogs)

areas without soils but with hydrophytes (aquatic beds and seaweed-covered rocky shores)

areas without soil and without hydrophytes (gravel beaches and tidal flats) that are periodically flooded
Term
federal fish and wildlife service's wetland classification scheme has 5 general classes, what are they?
Definition
Marine (open ocean and its associated coastline)

Estuarine (tidal waters of coastal rivers and embayments, salty tidal marshes, mangrove swamps, and tidal flats)

Riverine (rivers and streams)

Lacustrine (lakes, reservoirs, and large ponds)

Palustrine (marshes, wet meadows, fens, playas, potholes, pocosins, bogs, swamps and small shallow ponds)
Term
What are most common wetlands in US?
Definition
large majority of the wetlands in US are in the Palustrine systems; most of the remaining wetlands are in the estuarine system
Term
The International Society of Arboriculture four factors to consider the economic values of trees?
Definition
Tree Size
Tree Species (hardy, well adapted species are worth most)
Tree condition or health (for example roots, trunk, branches, leaves)
Tree location (functional and aesthetic value)
Term
when considering brownfield sites for redevelopment, the sites should be carefully assessed prior to purchase and detailed planning and design. This is called what in the US?
Definition
ASTM Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA)
Term
ASTM Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA)
Definition
summarizes sites ownership and land use history, in addition to current soil and groundwater conditions. All buildings and other structures on the site are also evaluated and mapped.
Term
A common form of land use regulation at the local level?
Definition
zoning
Term
How does conventional or euclidean zoning contribute to urban sprawl?
Definition
separating residential uses from non-residential use, and by fostering land consumptive development patterns that make transportation by walking or public transit vitually impractical
Term
What are some increasingly common variances to local zoning codes?
Definition
Planned urban development (PUD)
Planned Development District (PDD)
Term
What are PUD and PDD?
Definition
Planned urban development (PUD)
Planned Development District (PDD)
rezoned districts may be permitted to allow the consolidation of mulitple parcels into a single master-planned proect, often for mixed use development. Provides greater flexibility in meeting the density and land use requirements for the site as a whole
Term
What are a subdivision ordinances?
Definition
subdivision of a parcel of land into several smaller parcels is a key step in many residetial projects. Subdivision ordinances typically set minimum requirements for parcel size. These ordinances may also limit number and location of curb cuts, street access points, building setbacks, etc.
Term
What legal issues should be investigated for a site?
Definition
zoning classification (permitted land use and densities)
easments, covenanats and other deed restrictions
government agencies with jurisdiction over the property
building placement requirements (required front, back, and side yard setbacks from property boundaries)
allowable building area
building heights, bulk, floor area ration, and footprint restrictions
parking and driveway requirements
minimum requirements for open space (public and private)
on-site recreation or environmental requirements
landscapeing requirements
required special permits, regulations, and planning procedures (for example, variances, design review, public hearings, environmental test/data)
Term
what is required before a bank or lending institution finances a real estate puchase?
Definition
property appraisal
Term
Property appraisal includes?
Definition
attributes of the site itself and the imporvements made to the site, such as buildings and other structures. Also consider the effects of the site context , such as the value of nearby properties, adjacent street traffic, and scenic off-site view of the built or natural environments
Term
US Appraisal theory has 3 different models of economic behavior. What are they?
Definition
these 3 models are called approaches to value and are referred to as the cost approach, the sales comparison approach and the income approach
Term
Purchase of development rights (PDR), coupled with conservation easements can have what effect on land development?
Definition
keep land undeveloped for either an unlimited or a defined period of time
Term
What to easements do?
Definition
reduce a parcels development potential
Term
Access easment
Definition
ensure physical access to or across a site from adjacent properties
Term
utility easements
Definition
provide physical access to install, replace, and maintain utility system infrastructure, such as power lines or underground piping
Term
conservation easements
Definition
restrict development potential and are often used to protect hiking trails and other recreational areas and to maintain important ecosystem functions suc as groundwater recharge
Term
scenic easements
Definition
protect vistas and viewsheds by preventing development that blocks or degrades those views
Term
solar easements
Definition
protect solar access to adjacent property
Term
Transfer of development rights (TDR)
Definition
less common but effective legal strategy for redirecting potential development from conservation areas to other more suitable locations
Term
Site utility map typically includes what?
Definition
potable water, electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, stormwater sewage, sanitary sewage

an inventory of existing site utilities should include locations of utility poles, overhead power lines, fire hydrants, and utility boxes, as well as the diamters of underground pipelines
Term
Kevin lynch (the image of the city) 5 functional element?
Definition
edges (shorelines, roades, hedgeways, etc)
paths (streets, walkways, etc.)
districts (neighborhoods)
nodes (entrances, plazas, street and walkway intersections, etc.)
landmarks (unique buildings, structures, and natural features, etc.)
Term
land use planning process that Ian Mcharg advocates for in his book Design with Nature
Definition
Environmental determinism - allowing the analysis of biophysical conditions to drive land use allocation decisions.
Term
Suitability analysis?
Definition
the process of determining the fitness, or the appropriateness, of a given tract of land for a specified use (spatially explicit and program dependent)
Term
3 steps to suitability analysis?
Definition
1 Identify suitability criteria for each anticipated land use

2 collect and map the relevant site attribute data

3 identify and map the site locations with attribute values that meet the suitability criteria for the targeted land uses.
Term
factors considered when collecting data themes and sources:
Definition
data requirements, data relevance, data reliability, and data availability
Term
spot zoning
Definition
Spot zoning is the application of zoning to a specific parcel of land within a larger zoned area when the rezoning is usually at odds with a city's master plan and current zoning restrictions. The rezoning may be for the benefit of a particular owner, and at odds with pre-existing adjacent property owners.
Term
3 local governement branches and function
Definition
legislative branch - writes and enacts laws

exectutive branch - administers laws

judicial branch - interprets laws
Term
4 ways governement is to protect public health, safety and welfare (development controls)
Definition
public investment (transportation and utility infrastructure, open space, parks)

regulations (zoning, subdivision ordinances and building codes)

incentives and disincentives (preferential taxation and zoning bonuses)

land use planning (comprehensive plan and capital improvements plan)
Term
Zoning regulations address 3 sets of issues within each zone
Definition
Permitted use of land and buildings

intensity of use (dwelling units per acre or FAR)

height, bulk, and other dimensional standards
Term
variance may be requested why?
Definition
if due to unusual circumstances, compliance with the zoning requirements would pose a hardship on the land owner
Term
why would zoning change be granted?
Definition
zoning change may be granted if it would benefit the general welfare of the community and if the change would be consistent with the objectives of the comprehensive plan
Term
site plan review can ensure that the sites development will meet basic standards inclusive of what?
Definition
protection of sensitive natural environments

prevention of environmental harm

minimal impacts on surrounding properties

efficiency and convenience

proper relationships to public services

adequate consideration to expansion options
Term
two critical attributes of sustainable and livable neighborhoods and communities, beyond the basic standards are?
Definition
buildings that are human-scaled in their massing and articulation and are responsive to physical and cultural site and contextual conditions

outdoor open spaces that are human-scaled, appropriately lighted and furnished, and connected with similarly designed and landscaped pedestrian circulation systems
Term
information required for a plan review
Definition
existing conditions

proposed development activities

impacts of the proposed development activities
Term
submission requirements for site plan review typically include?
Definition
completed application, filing fee, proof of ownership and legal desc of property, location map, site analysis, , site plan, landscape plan, site engineering plan, building plan, impact assessment, schedule for project completion
Term
what is a comprehensive plan?
Definition
community level "vision" statements about how the community intends to grow and develop, typically 20 to 30 year period
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