Term
| 1. Why did the bull market of the 1920s occur? |
|
Definition
- Stocks were brought based on speculation
- Margin accounts allowed investors to buy with borrowed money
- Corporations put capital into stocks rather than research
- The climate of opinion indicated everyone was meant to get rich |
|
|
Term
| 2. What was the worst day of the stock market crash of 1929? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. What were the weaknesses in the economy that contributed to the Great Depression? |
|
Definition
- Unequal distribution of income
- Near depression in agriculture in the 1920s
- Failure of companies to pay wages commensurate with productivity
- Rise in productivity had encouraged overproduction in many industries |
|
|
Term
| 4. What does the table show regarding the distribution of family income in percentages from 1929 to 1944? |
|
Definition
| The four poorer fifths all gained while the top fift lost |
|
|
Term
| 5. What feelings did unemployment in the United States in the early 1930s create? |
|
Definition
| Feelings of guilt and shame |
|
|
Term
| 6. What was Hoover's response to the Depression? |
|
Definition
| To have the government help businesses to help themselves |
|
|
Term
| 7. What did policies under Hoover show? |
|
Definition
| Private charities do not have the resources to meet massive social problems |
|
|
Term
| 8. To what did social unrest under the Hoover Administration lead? |
|
Definition
- The Bonus Army's march on Washington
- Farmers' Holiday Association
- Labor demonstration at Ford's River Rogue factory
- The deaths of four demonstrators in Detroit (50 others wounded) |
|
|
Term
| 9. What did Franklin D. Roosevelt accuse Hoover of during the campaign of 1932? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. What does the map of he election of 1932 show in regard to the states that Republican Herbert Hoover carried? |
|
Definition
| Herbert Hoover carried the New England States |
|
|
Term
| 11. In what did Franklin D. Roosevelt's "brains trust" believe? |
|
Definition
| In government-business cooperation |
|
|
Term
| 12. What was Franklin D. Roosevelt's first act as president? |
|
Definition
A "bank holiday" temporarily shutting down banks (4 days)
- Congress passed the Emergency banking act |
|
|
Term
| 13. What New Deal programs were established during the "Hundred Days"? |
|
Definition
- The AAA (Agricuktural Adjustment administration)
- The TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)
- The FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration)
- The CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) |
|
|
Term
| 14. What did the AAA of the "Hundred Days" do? |
|
Definition
- Tried to raise farmers' purchasing power
- Raised prices by cutting production
- Displaced sharecroppers by reducing production
- Established parity prices for basic farm commodities |
|
|
Term
| 15. What did the NIRA spark? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 16. What did Charles E. Coughlin denounce? |
|
Definition
| A conspiracy of Jews, international bankers and the New Deal |
|
|
Term
| 17. What problems developed during the New Deal? |
|
Definition
- Violent strikes such as that by the teamsters in Minneapolis
- Loud criticism by a Catholic priest
- Protest marches by the unemployed councils and communists
- Accusations of socialism by businessmen |
|
|
Term
| 18. What programs did the "Second Hundred Days" include? |
|
Definition
- The WPA
- The Wagner Act
- The Resettlement Administration
- The Social Security ACT |
|
|
Term
| 19. What did the Social Security Act do? |
|
Definition
| Joined people together in a mutual aid program |
|
|
Term
| 20. Who led the organization of industrial unions by the CIO in the 1930s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 21. Who did the New Deal coalition generally include? |
|
Definition
- Industrial workers of all races
- First and second generation Catholic immigrants
- Traditional-minded white southerners
- Trade unionists |
|
|
Term
| 22. What did the AAA's policies do? |
|
Definition
- Pay subsidies mostly to large landowners
- Allow large landowners to dismiss tenants by mechanizing their farms
- Inspire the founding of the southern tenant farmers union
- FIND THE 4th |
|
|
Term
| 23. What states does the map of the Dust Bowl, 1935-1940, show that the Dust Bowl affected? |
|
Definition
Oklahoma
Texas
Kansas
Colorado |
|
|
Term
| 24. What was the New Deal response to the Dust Bowl? |
|
Definition
- Formation of the sil conservation service and districts
- Direct emergency relief for farm families by the resettlement administration
- Temporary jobs with the works progress administration
- Crop and seed loans |
|
|
Term
| 25. What happened to Mexicans and Mexican-Americans in the 1930s? |
|
Definition
| They were deported in large numbers regardless of their citizenship status |
|
|
Term
| 26. What New Deal-created agencies helped primarily the South and the West? |
|
Definition
The Resettlement Administration
The Real Electrification Administration
The Tennessee Valley Authority
Federal Emergency Relief Adminstration |
|
|
Term
| 27. How did the Bureau of Reclamation transform the West? |
|
Definition
| With huge water and public power projects |
|
|
Term
| 28. What projects of the Bureau of Reclamation were begun under the New Deal? |
|
Definition
- The Central Valley Project
- All-American Canal
- The Grand Cooley Dam
- Lake Meade |
|
|
Term
| 29. What did the Indian Reorganization Act restore? |
|
Definition
| Tribal ownership of land and semi-sovereign status to Native American tribes |
|
|
Term
| 30. What New Deal cultural agency dealt with writing, theater, music, and the visual arts? |
|
Definition
| The Federal Project No. 1 |
|
|
Term
| 31. In what New Deal project did Ralph Ellison, Richard Wright, and Zora Neale Hurston all participate? |
|
Definition
| The Federal Writers Project |
|
|
Term
| 32. In what New Deal project did Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, and Louise Neelson all participate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 33. What did the New Deal's agency for writers produce? |
|
Definition
- Oral histories of former slaves
- Collections of American songs
- State and city guidebooks
- Collections of folk tales |
|
|
Term
| 34. What type of people did the Communist Party of the United States attract during the 1930s? |
|
Definition
| Intellectuals but usually only for brief times |
|
|
Term
| 35. In what groups was communist influence present in the United States? |
|
Definition
- The CIO organizing drives
- New York's Group Theater
- WPA Arts projects
- The Abraham Lincoln Brigade |
|
|
Term
| 36. What were the most popular movie themes of the 1930s? |
|
Definition
- Gangsters
- Screwball comedies
- Musicals with song and dance spectacles
- Movies that depicted American core values |
|
|
Term
| 37. Who produced some of the most popular big band sounds? |
|
Definition
-Artie Shaw
- Duke Ellington
- Count Bassey
- Jimmie Lunceford |
|
|
Term
| 38. What act did the Supreme Court uphold the constitutionality of in 1937? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 39. What impact did Roosevelt's Supreme Court battle of 1937 have on him politically? |
|
Definition
| It weakened him politically |
|
|
Term
| 40. What did Eleanor Roosevelt try to do? |
|
Definition
- End racial discrimination in relief programs
- Have compulsory health insurance for people
- Pass anti-lynching legislation
- Reform child labor practices |
|
|
Term
| 41. In what ways did racism and discrimination appear in the New Deal? |
|
Definition
- The Social Security Act excluded domestic and casual laborers
- Lower wages for blacks were allowed under NRA labor codes
- The hiring policies of the TVA discriminated against African Americans
- The separate camps were established by the CCC |
|
|
Term
| 42. What efforts were made by the New Deal to sidestep or avoid discrimination? |
|
Definition
- Appointment of Mary McLeod Bethune to the Black Cabinet
- Employment of block workers in PWA construction jobs
- Inclusion of blacks by CIO labor unions
- Choice of Robert Weaver to advise on economic affairs |
|
|
Term
| 43. What did it appear was happening to the New Deal by 1938? |
|
Definition
| It had begun to expire without ending the Depression |
|
|
Term
| 44. What was the last legislation the New Deal included? |
|
Definition
- The National Housing Act
- Emergency spending for the WPA
- The Fair Labor standarads ACT
- The Wagner-Steagall Act |
|
|
Term
| 1. What did the Great Depression allow? |
|
Definition
| Allowed demagogues to raise hatred of others |
|
|
Term
| 2. Some historians believe that World War II actually began with what invasion in what year? |
|
Definition
| The full scale invasion of China in 1937 |
|
|
Term
| 3. Who was the Italian Fascist who seized power in 1922 and declared "we have who buried the putrid corpse of liberty"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. What was Hitler rejecting when he started rebuilding Germany's armed forces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5. What was the German decree of 1935 that denied civil rights to Jews? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. What action of Hitler prior to tge beginning of World War II received the most attention from the Western powers? |
|
Definition
| The invasion of Czechoslovakia |
|
|
Term
| 7. What did Hitler's assertions include? |
|
Definition
- The doctrine of the racial Superiority of Aryans
- The principle of German self-determination in Czechoslovakia
- The slogan that National Socialism means peace
- The principle in the racial inferiority of the Jews whom Hitler called a degenerate race |
|
|
Term
| 8. What groups favored isolationism in the 1930s? |
|
Definition
- The Conservative Committee to Defend America First
- The communist-influenced American League against war and fascism
- The American First Committee which was chaired by top Sears executive Robert E. Wood
- The Socialist Norman Thomas's "Keep America out of War" Congress |
|
|
Term
| 9. What prominent men supported the isolationist Committee to Defend America First? |
|
Definition
- Robert E. Wood
- Henry Ford
- Charles A. Lindbergh
- Robert Young |
|
|
Term
| 10. What were the five acts called which Congress passed, beginning in 1953, to keep the United States out of the war? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 11. What happened after Germany's attack on Poland? |
|
Definition
| The Soviet Union divided Poland with Germany and attacked Finland |
|
|
Term
| 12. To what does the term Blitzkrieg refer? |
|
Definition
| The kind of war adopted by Germany in World War II that used massed fast moving columns of tanks supported by air power |
|
|
Term
| 13. What was the Lend-Lease Act? |
|
Definition
| Legislation passed in MArch 1941 that allowed President Roosevelt to provide aid to Great Britain |
|
|
Term
| 14. What was the Atlantic Charter? |
|
Definition
| The August 1941 proclamation issued by Roosevelt and Winston Churchill that identified as war aims principles such as free trade, disarmament, and freedom from fear, want and tyranny |
|
|
Term
| 15. Before Pearl Harbor, how did Roosevelt seem to bend the United States neutrality to help the Allies? |
|
Definition
- Transferring surplus United States airplanes to Britain
- Proposing the Lend-Lease Act
- Joining Churchill in issuing the Atlantic Charter
- Permitting the sale of arms to Britain, France, and China |
|
|
Term
| 16. What did the War Powers Act of December 1941 do? |
|
Definition
- Allowed the president to create new agencies
- Expanded powers the president had had during World War I
- Let the president censor news and restrict civil liberties
- Permitted the president to seize property owned by foreigners |
|
|
Term
| 17. What new agencies did Roosevelt create during World War II? |
|
Definition
- Office of Price Administration
- National War Labor Board
- War Manpower Commission
- Office of War Mobilization |
|
|
Term
| 18. During World War II what federal agencies were concerned with controlling information to influence the public, the economy, or the war effort? |
|
Definition
- Office of Strategic Services
- Office of War Information
- Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Office of War Mobilization |
|
|
Term
| 19. What workers' wage-earning was affected most by World War II? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20. By 1945, what did the majority of women workers want? |
|
Definition
| They wanted to continue to work at the jobs they had |
|
|
Term
| 21. What happened with labor strikes during World War II? |
|
Definition
| Labor strikes increased in size and number |
|
|
Term
| 22. What did the social results of World War II include? |
|
Definition
- Complaints against girls for sexual offenses increased significantly
- General improvements n public health
- A record number of divorces by 1946
- A growing need for childcare facilities |
|
|
Term
| 23. What persons were included in the internment of West Coast Japanese Americans? |
|
Definition
| Almost everyone with at least one Japanese grandparent |
|
|
Term
| 24. What was the "Double V" campaign? |
|
Definition
| A campaign launched by African American activists calling for victory overseas and equal rights at home- a campaign to defeat the Axis abroad and discrimination at home |
|
|
Term
| 25. What organization that was formed by pacifists in 1942, conducted non-violent sit-ins at restaurants in northern cities during World War II? |
|
Definition
| The Congress of Racial Equality |
|
|
Term
| 26. Who was A. Phillip Randolph? |
|
Definition
| The leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Quarters |
|
|
Term
| 27. In one of his poems, Langston Hughes asks how long he will have to fight "both Hitler and _____?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 28. What did the zoot-suit riots lead Mexican Americans to fear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 29. What are examples of how World War II was sold to the American people as a collective effort demanding some sacrifice? |
|
Definition
- "Victory suits" for men
- No nylon stockings for women
- Films such as Action in the North Atlantic
- Restrictions on the color of shoes produced
- |
|
|
Term
| 30. As a result of World War II, the Selective Service screened out what types of individuals? |
|
Definition
The illiterate and the emotionally disturbed
- Women serving in the Armed forces because soldiers felt they were prostitutes or homosexuals |
|
|
Term
| 31. What was true of discrimination in that armed forces? |
|
Definition
- Blood in blood banks was segregated by race
- Blacks were allowed combat status only late in war
- Japanese-Americans served in segregated units
- Only one in five Nisei soldiers was accepted to create a regiment |
|
|
Term
| 32. What were reasons thatles than 4 percent of all soldiers who received medical care died of their injuries? |
|
Definition
- New "wonder drugs" such as penicillin
- Dr. Charles Drew's blood plasma
- The work of physicians in tent hospitals near the front
- A reserve supply of more than 13 million units of blood |
|
|
Term
| 33. Where did the greatest land battle in history occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 34. What does the map of the War in the Pacific show? |
|
Definition
| The first big Allied victory in the South Pacific was the battle of the Coral Sea |
|
|
Term
| 35. Beginning in 1941, on who did the brunt of the war for the Allies in Europe fall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 36. What was the real turning point of the war in Europe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 37. What did Stalin and the Soviet Union complain about? |
|
Definition
- The Allies' strategic bombing campaign
- Casablanca Policy of unconditional surrender
- Delay in establishing a second front
- The controversial Soviet involvement in the war in the pacific |
|
|
Term
| 38. What Allied operation of June 1944 was named Operation Overlord? |
|
Definition
| The D-Day invasion of Normandy, France in 1944 |
|
|
Term
| 39. What Russian industrial city on the Volga River was the center of one of the biggest and most important battles of the war in 1942-1943? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 40. Who was Charles de Gaulle? |
|
Definition
| Leader of the Free French forces who entered Paris August 25th, 1944 |
|
|
Term
| 41. What was the last major German attack on the Western Front in December 1944? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 42. What naval battle ended Japan's threat to Hawaii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 43. What name was given to the Allied stategy of taking one strategic atoll after another beginning with the Taro in 1943? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 44. What was the bloodiest battle in the Pacific Theater? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 45. What was the Holocaust? |
|
Definition
| The Nazi campaign of genocide that caused the murders of as many as 6 million Jews and 6 million others |
|
|
Term
| 46. What occurred at Yalta? |
|
Definition
- Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan
- Negotiations were conducted for membership in the United Nations
- The United States and Great Britain agreed to allow Soviet troops to occupy countries they were already in
- The Big Three agreed to spheres of influence |
|
|
Term
| 47. Where was the last of the Allies' wartime conferences held from July 17 to August 2, 1945? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 48. What was true of the United States' justifications for dropping the atomic bomb on Japan? |
|
Definition
- It kept the Soviet Union out of the war in the Pacific
- It made an invasion of Japan unnecessary
- It brought an end to war sooner
- It saved the lives of Americans in ground combat |
|
|
Term
| 49. What was true about news of the Holocaust in the United States? |
|
Definition
- The major media treated early reports as minor news
- As late as 1943, only 43 percent of Americans believed such reports
- Roosevelt created the war Refugee Board to avoid a scandal
- The government refused to suspend immigration quotas to allow German Jews refuge |
|
|
Term
| 25 (continued) How did African Americans seek to promote equal rights? |
|
Definition
- Joining the NAACP
- Have CORE stage non-violent sit-ins at restaurants
- Threatening to mount a huge rally in Washington D.C.
- Demonstrating against discrimination in the military and defense plans |
|
|
Term
| 1. What did the Bretton Woods conference do? |
|
Definition
- Included the Soviet Union as a participant
- Established means of rebuilding Europe after the war
- Gave the United States the promise of more postwar overseas markets
- Founded the International Monetary Fund |
|
|
Term
| 2. According to the map of a divided Europe, what nations were not aligned with eaither NATO or the Warsaw Pact? |
|
Definition
Sweden
Yugoslavia
Austria
Ireland |
|
|
Term
| 3. By the end of World War II, what was the United States in need of economically? |
|
Definition
| Huge markets abroad to sustain its growth |
|
|
Term
| 4. The wartime division of Europe into spheres of influenced matched up with what dominance by the United States? |
|
Definition
| The United dominance in Latin America |
|
|
Term
| 5. What was true of Germany at the end of World War II? |
|
Definition
- The reunification was opposed by France and the USSR
- It was seen by the Soviet Union as a possible invader is reunified
- It was viewed by the United States as a buffer against the USSR
- The Soviet Union demanded heavy reparations against Germany |
|
|
Term
| 6. What did the U.S. policy of containment become, and what did it promote? |
|
Definition
| It became ideological and promoted the idea of good vs. evil |
|
|
Term
| 7. To what situation was the Truman Doctrine a response? |
|
Definition
| When civil war threatened governments in Turkey and Greece, the United States warned of a communist coup and provided $400 million to defeat the rebels |
|
|
Term
| 8. What did the Truman Doctrine declare the United States would do? |
|
Definition
| Declared the United States would resist subversive activity anywhere |
|
|
Term
| 9. What was the Marshall Plan? |
|
Definition
| The Marshall Plan provided $13 billion to rebuild Europe |
|
|
Term
| 10. What states does the map of the election of 1948 show that Strom Thurmond, as the states' rights party condidate, won? |
|
Definition
South Carolina
Louisiana
Alabama
Mississippi |
|
|
Term
| 11. What groups did the postwar economic conditions in the United States put at odds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. What occurred with the shift from a wartime to a peacetime economy in 1946? |
|
Definition
- Consumers boycotted stores because of high prices
- Workers engaged in strikes to raise wages
- Businessmen wanted fewer controls and higher prices
- Employers resolved to at least hold wages at a steady level |
|
|
Term
| 13. What did the Employment Act of 1946 do? |
|
Definition
- Created the Council of Economic Advisors
- Suggested the president is responsible for full employment
- Enlarged the White House staff with more unelected advisors
- Formulated policies for maintaining purchasing power |
|
|
Term
| 14. What was true of the Taft-Hartley Act? |
|
Definition
- It required an 80-day cooling off period before strikes
- Reduced the power of the unions by outlawing closed shops
- Restricted civil liberties by requiring oaths of allegiance
- Eliminated the use of union dues to fund political activities |
|
|
Term
| 15. What did Truman do prior to the elections of 1948? |
|
Definition
- Tried to make the Republican Congress look inactive and irresponsible
- Integrated, by executive order, the armed forces
- Recognized the new state of Israel
- Integrated the federal work force |
|
|
Term
| 16. What did Congress do under the Fair Deal in regard to Social Security? |
|
Definition
| Expanded the social security to cover more people |
|
|
Term
| 17. What Fair Deal proposals were defeated? |
|
Definition
- Federal Anti-Lynching laws
- National health insurance plan
- Bill outlawing the poll tax
- Measure for educational aid |
|
|
Term
| 18. What was true of the threat of communism after World War II? |
|
Definition
- Led to U.S. military preparedness in Peace Time
- Increased government surveillance of citizens
- Promoted the creation of a national security state |
|
|
Term
| 19. What did the National Security Act create? |
|
Definition
Central Intelligence Agency
Department of Defenses
National Security Council
National Security Resources Board |
|
|
Term
| 20. To what did the Cold War and concerns about national security lead? |
|
Definition
- A continuation of the wartime increase in the number of government employees
- Defense allocations that subsidized some very profitable corporations
- A rise in permanent large-scale military spending
- A personnel roster at the Pentagon of 35,000 people |
|
|
Term
| 21. Under Truman's Loyalty-Security Program, for what reason could federal employees be dismissed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 22. What was the goal of the federal and state loyalty review boards? |
|
Definition
| Remove large number of communists from government positions |
|
|
Term
| 23. To what was the House Un-American Activities Committee reacting? |
|
Definition
| Partly to movies favorable to the Soviet Union that were made during World War II |
|
|
Term
| 24. What literary works represent the alienation and anxiety expressed by the Cold War culture? |
|
Definition
Death of a Salesman
Detour
Out of the Past
The Invasion of the Bodysnatchers |
|
|
Term
| 25. What does the graph showing the U.S. birth rate between 1930 and 1980 show? |
|
Definition
| The Baby boom never reached the birth rate of 1901-1910 |
|
|
Term
| 26. What were the symbols of postwar prosperity? |
|
Definition
- Home in the suburbs
- Baby boom
- High rates of consumer spending
- Ideal of domesticity |
|
|
Term
| 27. What postwar opinion-makers advocated the stay-at-home wife and mother? |
|
Definition
Talcott Parsons
Marynia Farnham
J. Edgar Hoover
Ferdinand Lundberg |
|
|
Term
| 28. What does the table of the distribution of total personal income from 1947 to 1970 show? |
|
Definition
| The wealthiest 5 percent lost almost 2 percentage points to 16.9% |
|
|
Term
| 29. What city became a leader in the aerospace industry due to government offense appropriations during the 1950s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 30. What were the results of the federally induced growth in the West? |
|
Definition
- Deterioration of the environment and the health of residents in some areas
- The reopening of bases and new communities
- Uncontrolled sprawl and traffic congestion
- Strains on water and energy resources |
|
|
Term
| 31. How did women change the nature of the family by the 1950s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 32. Why did Jiang Jieshi and his Nationalists lose to the Communists in 1949? |
|
Definition
| Because his government was corrupt and he had little popular support |
|
|
Term
| 33. What does the map of the Korean War show? |
|
Definition
| The United Nations reversed the course of the war with the landing at Inchon |
|
|
Term
| 34. How involved in the Korean War was the Soviet Union? |
|
Definition
| The Korean War did not directly involve the Soviet Union |
|
|
Term
| 35. Why did President Truman dismiss General MacArthur on April 10, 1951? |
|
Definition
| Because he publicly disagreed with Truman about attacking China |
|
|
Term
| 36. What was true of the Korean War? |
|
Definition
- The US army increased 6 times in size during the Korean War
- Senator Taft accused Truman of creating an imperial presidency
- The United States accelerated the development of nuclear weapons
- Truman tried to sidestep criticism by calling the deployment of troops a police action |
|
|
Term
| 37. For what did NSC-68 call? |
|
Definition
| A major buildup of armed forces |
|
|
Term
| 38. What occurred as a result of the Korean War? |
|
Definition
- The United States increased its national debt substantially
- Many civilians died from carpet bombing and napalm
- The cold war expanded into East Asia
- North Korea and the Chinese lost 2 million people in the conflict |
|
|
Term
| 39. By 1952, why was Truman being criticized? |
|
Definition
- He had removed MacArthur from command
- There were charges of corruption in his administration
- He had failed to win in China or Korea
- Price and wage freezes imposed during the war |
|
|
