A method of regenerating an even-aged stand in which a new age class develops in a fully-exposed microclimate after removal, in a single cutting, of all trees in the previous stand.  Regeneration is from natural seeding, direct seeding, planted seedlings, and/or advance reproduction.  Cutting may be done in groups or patches (Group or Patch Clearcutting), or in strips (Strip Clearcutting).  In the Clearcutting System, the management unit or stand in which regeneration, growth, and yield are regulated consists of the individual clearcut stand (see Group Selection).  When the primary source of regeneration is advance reproduction, the preferred term is Overstory Removal.

A method of regenerating a stand in which all trees in the previous stand are cut and the majority of regeneration is from sprouts or root suckers.

Trees, pole-sized or larger, retained in either a dispersed or aggregated manner after the regeneration period under the Clearcutting, Seed Tree, Shelterwood, Group Selection, or Coppice Methods.

A collective term for any treatment designed to enhance growth, quality, vigor, and composition of the stand after establishment or regeneration and prior to final harvest (see Tending, Stand Improvement).

A release treatment made in a stand not past the sapling stage in order to free the favored trees from competition of older, overtopping trees.

An age class created from natural seeding, sprouting, suckering, or layering.

Regeneration

Seedlings or saplings existing in a stand; or the act of establishing young trees naturally or artificially (syn. Reforestation).

A coppice method in which reserve trees are retained to attain goals other than regeneration.  The method normally creates a two-aged stand.

A method of regenerating an even-aged stand in which a new age class develops beneath the moderated micro-environment provided by the residual trees.  The sequence of treatments can include three distinct types of cuttings:  1) an optional preparatory cut to enhance conditions for seed production; 2) an establishment cut to prepare the seed bed and to create a new age class; and 3) a removal cut to release established regeneration from competition with the overwood.  Cutting may be done uniformly throughout the stand (Uniform Shelterwood), in groups or patches (Group Shelterwood), or in strips (Strip Shelterwood).

A clearcutting method in which varying numbers of reserve trees are not harvested to attain goals other than regeneration.

A stand in which three or more distinct age classes occupy approximately equal areas and provide a balanced distribution of diameter classes.

The root pruning of seedlings in a nursery bed to limit the extension of roots in depth or laterally (see Undercutting).

A measure of actual or potential forest productivity expressed in terms of the average height of a certain number of dominants and co-dominants in the stand at an index age.

A hand or mechanized manipulation of a site designed to enhance the success of regeneration.  Treatments may include bedding, burning, chemical spraying, chopping, disking, drainage, raking, and scarifying.  All treatments are designed to modify the soil, litter, and vegetation and to create microclimate conditions conducive to the establishment and growth of desired species.

A quantitative, absolute measure of tree occupancy per unit of land area in such terms as numbers of trees, basal area, or volume.

The horizontal and vertical distribution of components of a forest stand including the height, diameter, crown layers and stems of trees, shrubs, herbaceous understory, snags, and down woody debris.

A cultural treatment made to reduce stand density of trees primarily to improve growth, enhance forest health, or to recover potential mortality.

The period of time between successive thinning entries, usually used in connection with even-aged stands (see Cutting Cycle).

A stand composed of two distinct age classes that are separated in age by more than 20 percent of rotation.

A release treatment in stands not past the sapling stage that eliminates or suppresses undesirable vegetation regardless of crown position.

A contiguous geographic area having similar macroclimate, possibly with several vegetation types, and used as an ecological basis for management or planning.

The use of an ecological approach to resource management at the landscape level that blends social, physical, economic, and biological considerations to ensure the sustainability of healthy ecosystems while providing desired values, goods, and services.

A forest condition that has overall structure, function, and characteristics that enable it to be resilient to disturbance, meet human needs, and to maintain normal rates of change commensurate with its stage of development.

The process, through cutting or natural processes, of reducing the size and connectivity of stands that compose a forest of landscape.

A viewed area of land of generally large size and commonly a mosaic of land forms and plant communities irrespective of ownership or other artificial boundaries.