theory: informational social influence

·         Following the opinions or behavior of other because we believe they have accurate knowledge and what they are saying is true

·         This how we trust our government because we believe they are doing right despite they sometime commit atrocities against humanity.

·         Another important example includes that our military officials convince us the masses that in our way has to be cleared and be prepared for war in order in ensure world peace.

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·         Bystander effect  theory

·         Refers the presence of multiple bystander inhabits each person’s tendency to help , large due to social comparison or diffusion of responsibility

·         Theorist: Markey

·         The model indicate there great diffusion of responsibility among the people in case some happens in area, examples include a person suffering and ferociously calling for help but that person doesn’t get help because everybody is thinking might another person out is helping him or her .

·         This task of responsibility is not clear and individual level of responsibility fails to respond squarely on needy person.

theory:social compensation

·         working harder in a group than alone to compensate for other members lower output

·         theorist: Kipling Williams

·         model: collective effort

·         Example: this type of social compensation is usually found in the sports where team work hard in collective manner to achieve their goal.

·         Refers to a negative attitude toward people based on their membership in a group.

·         Example of the term includes that some people would want to exclude members of disliked group from doing business with them or living in their neighborhood.

·          the principle underlying this test is that people react more quickly when they perceive the two words in each pair ”fit together then when they don't "

·          Theory: Social norms are shared expectations about how people think, feel and behave.

·         Theorist: Morris

·         Example includes the personal space that is practiced by American societies whereas African societies usually closeness to the person is indication of respect and it is part of their norms.

theory :  Discrimination

·         Theory: refers to overt behavior that involves treating people unfairly based on the group to which they belong

·         Example includes some companies practice hiring certain groups when positions open. This practice tends to isolate some minorities from hiring because these open positions usually are spread a word of mouth in those certain communities.

·          Theorist: Fiske.

theory: Mere exposure effect

·         Repeated exposure to a stimulate typically increase our liking for it.

·         Theorist; Monahan

·         For example includes that most the most proximal individuals can form relationship that will lead them to friendship or marriage in the long ter. There is saying that solidifies the theory which says “ out of sight is out of mine “  which means that if the person is not physically present in over period of time that person will like develop new friends and forget the old ones that once his/her close friend .

·         Catharsis  theory ;

·         States that performing an act of aggression discharge aggressive energy and temporarily reduces our impulses to aggress.

·         Theorist; Sigmud Freud

For example of this theory might include doesn’t speak and neither he doesn’t get angry easily but sometime if he / she is corned and felt humiliated , that person will excessively  react abnormally where he/ she can cause unexpected violence and damage to his friends or families because he surpassed his limited

·         Social identity theory   

·         Prejudice stems from a need for enhance our self-esteem.

·         Example include that some people devaluate other to get their self-esteem build up litter bit in regarding to abusing that person or firing him from  the work, in that manner he feels to get reward from these acts.

·         Theorist: feint and Spencer

·        Self-fulfilling prophecy

·         Occurs when people’s erroneous expectations lead the act in way that brings about the expected behavior, there confirming their original impression.

·         Theorist: McNatt  

·         Example includes that if you are told earlier that someone is liar, and that person fakes you onetime.  you will already find your perception on that person as being lair and that will result in minimizing your trust on him.

·         In social setting this perception is very common in our societies and constrains our relationship move beyond self-labeling and perceptions. And sometime it can be negative or positive it can go in both ways.