Term
| 5 bones that make up the shoulder complex |
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Definition
sternum
clavicle
scapula
humerus
rib cage |
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Term
| 4 joints that make up the shoulder complex |
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Definition
sternoclavicular (SC) joint
acromioclavicular (AC) joint
glenohumeral (GH) joint
scapulothroacic (ST) articulation |
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Term
| most mobile joint in the body |
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Definition
| GH joint (which makes it more prone to injury) |
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Term
| 6 motions of shoulder complex (SC, AC, & ST joints) |
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Definition
elevation
depression
protraction/abduction
retraction/adduction
upward rotation
downward rotation |
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Term
| 8 motions of shoulder joint |
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Definition
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
internal rotation
external rotation
horizontal abduction
horizontal adduction
(also circumduction & scaption) |
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Term
| location & position of scapula |
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Definition
between T2-T7 ribs
2-3" lateral from spinous process
flat on thoracic cage
vertebral (medial) border parallel with spinous processes
scapular spine between T3-T4 vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
synovial
3 planes of motion
roll & slide
double gliding saddle joint
articular disk (shock absorber) |
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Term
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Definition
synovial joint
3 planes of motion
joint capsule
gliding or plane joint |
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Term
| finishes "roof" above GH joint to form arch above humerus, description |
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Definition
| coracoacromial ligament/coracoacromial arch, about 1 cm from arch to head, subacromial space contains supraspinatus muscle & tendon, subacromial bursa, long head of biceps brachii, & part of superior capsule |
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Term
| scapulohumeral rhythm definition |
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Definition
2:1 ratio
for every 2 degrees of shoulder abduction or flexion past 30 degrees, the scapula upwardly rotates 1 degree |
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Term
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Definition
tipping - inferior angle of scapula lifts off thorax
winging - vertebral (medial) border or scapula lifts off thorax |
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Term
| proximal stabilizers vs. distal mobilizer |
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Definition
proximal stabilizer - muscle that originates on spine, ribs, and cranium and inserts on scapula and clavicle
distal mobilizer - muscle that originates on the scapula and clavicle and inserts on humerus or forearm |
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Term
| GH joint description & ROM |
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Definition
synovial
ball and socket joint
fossa positioned 1) anterior, 2) lateral, and 3) upward direction
held together by capsule, vacuum, & RTC muscles
flexion/extension - 180 & 45
ab/adduction - 180 & 180
internal/external rotation - 70 & 90
horizontal ab/adduction - 90 (30 & 120) |
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Term
| purpose of the axillary pouch |
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Definition
| in order for head of humerus to slide down in the glenoid fossa |
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Term
| glenoid labrum definition |
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Definition
| fibrocartilage ring that attaches to glenoid fossa & deepens the articular cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| external rotation vs. internal rotation humerus movement in fossa |
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Definition
external rotation - head rolls posteriorly, slides anteriorly
internal rotation - head rolls anteriorly, slides posteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
(SITS)
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis |
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Term
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Definition
O: external occipital protuberance
superior nuchal line
ligamentum nuchal
spinous process of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
acromion process
scapular spine
A: (upper) bilat - extends head & neck
unilat - laterally flexes head & neck to same side, rotates head & neck to opposite side, elevates scapula, upwardly rotates spacula
(middle) adduction of scapula
(lower) depresses scapula & upwardly rotates scapula
N: spinal accessory nerve |
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Term
| levator scapula (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: transverse process of C1-4
I: superior angle of scapula
A: unilat - elevates scapula, downwardly rotates scapula, laterally flexes head & neck, rotates head & neck to same side
bilat - extends head
N: dorsal scapula & cervicle nerve |
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Term
| rhomboid major & minor (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: spinous process C7-T1, T2-5
I: vertebral border of scapula
A: adduction of scapula, elevation scapula, downwardly rotates scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) |
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Term
| serratus anterior (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: lateral surface of upper 8 ribs
I: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
A: origin fixed - abduction of scapula, depresses scapula, holds medial border of scapula against ribs
insertion fixed - inspiration
N: long thoracic nerve |
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Term
| pectoralis minor (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: anterior surface of 3rd-5th ribs
I: coracoid process
A: depresses scapula, abducts scapula, tilts the scapula anteriorly, inspiration
N: medial pectoral nerve |
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Term
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Definition
O: anterior - lateral third of clavicle
middle - acromion process
posterior - scapular spine
I: deltoid tuberosity
A: all fibers - abduction of GH joint
anterior - flexion of shoulder, medial rotation, horizontal adduction
middle - shoulder abduction
posterior - extention, lateral rotation, horizontal abduction
N: axillary nerve (C5-6) |
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Term
| supraspinatus (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: stabilizer of humeral head, abduction of GH joint
N: suprascapular nerve |
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Term
| pectoralis major (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: clavicular portion - medial third of clavical
sternal portion - sternum, costal cartilage of first six ribs
I: cres of greater tubercle of humerus
A: all fibers - adducts GH joint, medially rotates GH join, may assist in elevating thorax in forced inhalation
upper fibers - flexion of GH joint, horizontally adducts GH joint
lower fibers - extends GH joint
N: medial & lateral pectoral nerve |
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Term
| latissimus dorsi (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: spinous processes of T6-12, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, posterior iliac crest, last 3 or 4 ribs
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation
N: thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8) |
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Term
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Definition
O: inferior axillary border of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation
N: subscapular nerve (C5-6) |
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Term
| infraspinatus (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: laterally rotates, adducts, extends, horizontally abducts shoulder, stabilizes head of humerus
N: suprascapular nerve (C5-6) |
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Term
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Definition
O: superior 1/2 of axillary border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: laterally rotates, adducts, extends, horizontally abducts shoulder, stabilizes head of humerus
N: axillary nerve (C5-6) |
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Term
| subscapularis (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medially rotates shoulder, stabilizes head of humerus
N: subscapular nerve (C5-6) |
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Term
| coracobrachialis (O, I, A, N) |
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Definition
O: coracoid process of scapula
I: medial mid-humeral shaft
A: flexes & adducts shoulder
N: musculocutaneous nerve (C6-7) |
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Term
| deltoid vs. rotator cuff muscles |
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Definition
deltoid - rolls head of humerus
rotator cuff muscles - slide humerus |
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