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Short Fiction Literary Terms
Ms. Smiths 61 terms for our short fiction novel study
61
English
12th Grade
01/30/2011

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Term
aestheticism
Definition
the acceptance of artistic beauty and taste as a fundamental standard, ethical and other standards being secondary.
Term
allegory
Definition
a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another
Term
allusion
Definition
a passing or casual reference to something that is used by authors to est. tone, contrast two objects or people, bring the reader into a world of experience outside of the story itself, etc.
Term
ambiguity
Definition
a negative term applied to a vague or equivocal expression when precision would be more useful. In lit. can be read multiple ways
Term
annotation
Definition
a critical or explanatory note or body of notes added to a text
Term
anti-hero
Definition
a protagonist who lacks the attributes that make a heroic figure, as nobility of mind & spirit, a life or attribute marked by action or pupose, and the like
Term
antithesis
Definition
the placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas
Term
archetype
Definition
the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a model or first form
Term
artistic unity
Definition
how the differnt elements of style, grammar, and rehtorical schemes work together to give the author his or her voice. Everything must work together in a peice of writing to create this unity
Term
bildungsroman
Definition
a type of novel concerned with the education, development, and maturing of a young protagonist
Term
black humor
Definition
a form of humor that regards human suffering as absurd rather than pitiable, or that considers human existence as ironic and pointless but somehow comic
Term
catharsis
Definition
An emotional discharge that brings about a moral or spiritual renewal or welcome relief from tension and anxiety
Term
characterization
Definition
the creation and convincing representation of fictitious characters
Term
chance
Definition
an unpredicted event, esp a fortunate one
Term
character foil
Definition
It is a character that contrasts the protagonist or main character
Term
chronological order
Definition
presents ideas according to the time in which they occurred. This type of organization is especially effective if you are describing a process, relaying a series of actions, or telling a story
Term
coincidence
Definition
a striking occurrence of two or more events at one time apparently by mere chance
Term
comic relief
Definition
an amusing scene, incident, or speech introduced into serious or tragic elements, as in a play, in order to provide temporary relief from tension, or to intensify the dramatic action
Term
commercial fiction
Definition
fiction that will be popular, but perhaps not have any lasting value. appeals to the general public
Term
connotation
Definition
the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning
Term
conventional
Definition
A conventional linguistic trait is an arbitrary one learned from others, not one determined by some natural law or genetic inheritance
Term
denouement
Definition
the final resolution of the intricacies of a plot, as of a drama or novel.
Term
deus ex machina
Definition
any artificial or improbable device resolving the difficulties of a plot.
Term
diction
Definition
style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words
Term
didactic
Definition
Writing that is "preachy" or seeks overtly to convince a reader of a particular point or lesson
Term
dramatic irony
Definition
irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play
Term
dynamic character
Definition
in literature or drama, a character who undergoes a permanent change in outlook or character during the story
Term
epigraph
Definition
an apposite quotation at the beginning of a book, chapter, etc.
Term
epiphany
Definition
a literary work or section of a work presenting, usually symbolically, such a moment of revelation and insight.
Term
explication
Definition
an explanation; interpretation
Term
farce
Definition
a form of low comedy designed to provoke laughter through highly exaggerated caricatures of people in improbable or silly situations
Term
flat character
Definition
an easily recognized character type in fiction who may not be fully delineated but is useful in carrying out some narrative purpose of the author
Term
foreshadowing
Definition
Suggesting, hinting, indicating, or showing what will occur later in a narrative
Term
genre
Definition
A type or category of literature or film marked by certain shared features or conventions
Term
hamartia
Definition
a tragic flaw
Term
hubris
Definition
excessive pride or self-confidence; arrogance
Term
imagery
Definition
A common term of variable meaning, includes the "mental pictures" that readers experience with a passage of literature
Term
literary fiction
Definition
focuses more on style, psychological depth, and character, the plot may or may not be important
Term
mood
Definition
a feeling, emotional state, or disposition of mind--especially the predominating atmosphere or tone of a literary work
Term
motif
Definition
a recurring subject, theme, idea, etc
Term
parable
Definition
a short allegorical story designed to illustrate or teach some truth, religious principle, or moral lesson
Term
paradox
Definition
Using contradiction in a manner that oddly makes sense on a deeper level
Term
parody
Definition
a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing
Term
point of view
Definition
the position of the narrator in relation to the story, as indicated by the narrator's outlook from which the events are depicted and by the attitude toward the characters
Term
protagonist
Definition
the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work
Term
round character
Definition
a character in fiction whose personality, background, motives, and other features are fully delineated by the author
Term
sarcasm
Definition
Another term for verbal irony--the act of ostensibly saying one thing but meaning another
Term
satire
Definition
a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision, or ridicule.
Term
setting
Definition
The general locale, historical time, and social circumstances in which the action of a fictional or dramatic work occurs
Term
situational irony
Definition
an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does
Term
static character
Definition
a literary character who remains basically unchanged throughout a work
Term
stock character
Definition
a character in literature, theater, or film of a type quickly recognized and accepted by the reader or viewer and requiring no development by the writer
Term
stream of consciousness
Definition
a form of writing that represents the inner thoughts of a character.
Term
style
Definition
the mode of expressing thought in writing or speaking by selecting and arranging words, considered with respect to clearness, effectiveness, euphony, or the like, that is characteristic of a group, period, person, personality, etc
Term
symbol
Definition
something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign
Term
theme
Definition
a unifying or dominant idea, motif, etc., as in a work of art
Term
tone
Definition
a particular style or manner, as of writing or speech; mood
Term
tragic hero
Definition
a literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy
Term
verbal irony
Definition
a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant
Term
verisimilitude
Definition
the appearance or semblance of truth; likelihood; probability
Term
exposition
Definition
dialogue, description, etc., that gives the audience or reader the background of the characters and the present situation.
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