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| When counting for representaion in the House of Representatives, it was decided that slaves would count as 3/5 of a person. |
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| A woman (1591-1643) who held unorthodox views that challenged the authority of the clergy and teh integrity of the Puritan experiment in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, she was outcast and judged as a heroine. |
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| Literary and intellectual movement in the mid-nineteenth century that emphasized individualism and self-reliance, predicted upon a belief that each person posses and "inner-light" that can point the way to truth and direct contact with God. |
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| Belief in the idea that people gained wealth by "survival of the fittest" and that the wealthy had simply won a natural competition and owed nothing to the poor, and any service to the poor would interfere with this organic process. |
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| A widely unpopular tax in 1765 on an array of paper goods, repealed in 1766 after mass protests erupted across the colonies. |
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| Kent State University Shootings |
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| The massacre of four college students by National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970, in Ohio. College campuses had exploded in violence across the country in response to Nixon's announcement of expanding the Vietnma War into Cambodia. |
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| Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) |
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| A New Deal-era labor organization that broke away from the AFL in order to organize unskilled industrial workers, and gave a major boost to labor organizing in the midst of the Great Depression and during WWII. |
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| A policy which urged the great powers to respect Chinese rights and free and open competition within their spheres of influence. It sought to ensure access to the Chinese market for the US despite the fact that the US did not have a formal sphere of influence in China. |
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| An armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property forclosures. |
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| Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; initially a respone to Governor William Berkley's refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian attacks, it eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite. |
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| First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company. |
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| A law that abandoned all pretenses of neutrality by allowing Americans to sell unlimited supplies of arms to any nation defending itself against Axis Powers. |
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| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798-1799) |
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| Statements secretly drafted by Jefferson and Madison for the legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia. Argued that states were the final arbiters of whether the federal government overstepped its boundaries and could therefore nullify natilan legislation they deemed unconstitutional. |
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| Yound reporters at the turn of the twentieth century who boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposes of widespread corruption in American society. Their subjects included business manipulation of government, white slavers, child labor, and the illegal |
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