Term
| The various muscles and strcutures in the _____ together form the phonatory system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following systems regulates the vibration of airflow as it moves from the pharynx into the oral and nasal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are types of developmental dysarthria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False?
Dysarthric speech is generally more consistent in types of errors and the amount of intelligibility compared to apraxic speech? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pediatric hearing loss can affect? |
|
Definition
newborns
children
adolescents |
|
|
Term
| In what order does the perception and processing of auditory information follow? |
|
Definition
| outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, auditory nerve |
|
|
Term
| Hearing loss can be classified based on severity using which of the following systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause for conductive hearing loss in pediatric population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is being tested when pure tone sounds are deliviered to the auditory system through ear phones or loud speakers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The identity of the Dead community is centered on what areas? |
|
Definition
| shared attitudes and a common language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The pulmonary mechanism is a major structure in the respiratory system.
It regulates the inhalation-exhalation cycle for passive breathing and for producing speech.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regulates the production of voice and the prosodic, or intonational, aspects of speech. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regulates the resonation or vibration of the airflow as it moves from the pharynx into the oral or nasal cavities.
nVelopharyngeal port--the opening between the velum and the back of the pharynx wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Regulates the control of the articulators within the oral cavities to manipulate the outgoing airflow in different ways, usually at very high speeds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Production of fluent speech requires the rapid coordination of muscle activity across a wide range of muscle groups.
To maintain speed and fluency when speaking, and to maintain accuracy of movements, the sequences of movements are programmed together as a single unit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sometimes called a motor program or muscle synergy, is an abstract representation of a relatively invariant movement pattern.
It can be scaled in size and time to meet the demands of the particular situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refers to the process that defines and sequence articulatory goals prior to their occurrence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the process responsible for establishing and preparing the flow of motor information across muscles for speech production and specifying the timing and force required for the movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refers to the processes responsible for activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The way in which practice or experience leads to “relatively permanent changes in the capability for movement” and is an important concept for understanding normal and disordered speech motor control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Suggests that individuals develop schemas-- memory representations of relationships between various sources of information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
motor speech disorders accounted for almost these 60% of communication disorders
54% were diagnosed with dysarthria,
and 4% were diagnosed with apraxia of speech.
Speech delays affect about 4% of children. |
|
|
Term
| How are motor speech disordered classified? |
|
Definition
Etiology-
Manifestation-
Severity-
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An impairment of motor programming and planning that involves an inability to transform a linguistic representation into the appropriate coordinated movements |
|
|
Term
| Childhood Apraxia of Speech |
|
Definition
A phonetic-motoric disorder of speech production. Children with CAS are unable to translate linguistic or phonetic information concerning speech production into accurate motor behaviors or are unable to learn the motor behaviors to execute planned speech. |
|
|
Term
| Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech (PPAOS) |
|
Definition
Term used to describe AOS that presents as the primary manifestation of a progressive neurodegenerative disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A group of speech disorders caused by disturbances of neuromuscular control of the speech production systems
Defining characteristics:
Muscle tone, muscle strength, movement steadiness, movement speed, movement range, and movement coordination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nSpastic Dysarthria
nFlaccid Dysarthria
nHypokinetic Dysarthria
nHyperkinetic Dysarthria
nAtaxic Dysarthria
nUnilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Present at birth and usually accompanies a known disturbance to neuromuscular functioning, as might occur with anoxia during birth.
Spastic Dysarthria
Dyskinetic Dysarthria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Professionals use perceptual, acoustic and physiological measures to document motor speech disorders.
Perceptual
Acoustic
Physiological |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Patients are generally referred for a motor speech assessment by health care professionals; typically a pediatrician for children or a family physician for adults. |
|
|
Term
| Comprehensive Motor Speech Eval |
|
Definition
nAssessments should include motor control tasks that involve speech and non-speech movements.
nRespiration
nPhonation
nResonation
nArticulation
nProsody |
|
|
Term
| Treatment Targets and Strategies |
|
Definition
Selected based on the nature of an individual’s speech difficulties and the impact of the speech disorder on daily living function.
Speech vs. nonspeech tasks,Simple vs. complex tasks.
Co-morbidities
The goal of treatments is to improve the accuracy, stability, and intelligibility of speech and its naturalness or fluency.
The two primary therapeutic strategies are:
Improve the impaired systems
Teach compensatory strategies
|
|
|
Term
Pediatric Hearing Loss?
Auditory Processing Disorders? |
|
Definition
Refers to a condition in which a child or adolescent is unable to detect or distinguish the range of sounds normally available to the human ear.
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the processing centers of the brain.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nIdentity is centered on shared attitudes and a common language
nIt is a social community based on a shared set of beliefs
nA common belief is that deafness is an attribute and not a deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nDefinition
nTreatment strategies designed to achieve fluent communication in the manual or oral modality
nGoals
nEnsuring an appropriate listening environment
nMaximizing audition
nSupporting listening development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nDeglutition is neuromuscular act of moving substance from mouth into throat.
nWe swallow approximately 580 times daily.
nStages, or phases:
nOral preparatory phase
nThe oral phase
nThe pharyngeal phase
nThe esophageal phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nPurpose is to prepare substance to be swallowed.
nStarts as the food or liquid enters the mouth.
nIncludes containing the material in the oral cavity and preparing the food or liquid into a cohesive ball, or bolus.
nSoft palate lowers toward tongue to contain bolus and prohibit flow of food into the pharyngeal region.
nMastication is integral part of phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nPurpose is to move bolus to rear of oral cavity for propulsion down throat.
nUse the tongue and buccal muscles in this process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nPurpose is to propel bolus down the throat to entrance to esophagus.
nStarts at the anterior faucial pillars.
nPharyngeal swallow reflex is triggered.
nCricopharyngeus muscle, or upper esophageal sphincter, is juncture between pharynx and esophagus.
nReflexive cough is protective reflex.
nApneic moment is period of not breathing during normal swallow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nMoves bolus through the esophagus into the stomach.
nProcess starts as bolus passes through the upper esophageal sphincter (UES).
nBolus is propelled through the esophagus by an involuntary contraction.
nPasses through lower esophageal sphincter (LES) into stomach.
nEsophageal motility is esophageal movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nA condition in which an individual exhibits an unsafe or inefficient swallowing pattern that undermines the eating or drinking process.
nPenetration – food or liquid enters larynx, which can cause choking.
nAspiration – food or liquid passes through larynx and into lungs, which can cause pneumonia. Silent aspiration occurs without any signs.
nEnteral feeding tube
nDirects liquid formula to stomach
nTypically placed through nose or directly into stomach |
|
|
Term
| Pediatric Feeding Disorder |
|
Definition
na child’s “persistent failure to eat adequately” for a period of at least 1 month, which results in a significant loss of weight or a failure to gain weight
nMay also demonstrates one or more of the following:
nUnsafe or inefficient swallowing patterns
nGrowth delay affecting height and/or weight
nLack of tolerance of food textures and tastes
nPoor appetite regulation
nNICU |
|
|
Term
| Goals of Swallowing intervention |
|
Definition
nImmediate goals are to ensure nutritional needs are met and feeding and swallowing do not endanger child’s life.
nMay mean providing alternative or supplemental nutrition via tube feeding.
nAlso focus on improving child’s ability to meet nutritional needs and see eating as a pleasant experience. |
|
|
Term
| Alternative and Supplemental Feeding |
|
Definition
nChildren who are candidates for supplemental or alternative nutrition are those:
nWho cannot meet 80% of their caloric needs orally
nWho have not gained weight or who have continuously lost weight for 3 months
nWhose weight and height ratio is below the 5th percentile
nWhose feeding time is greater than 5 to 6 hours daily
nNasogastric tube
nGastrostomy tube
nJejunostomy tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
considers the manifestation of a disorder and how activities and participation are impacted.
nMultimodal
nSpeech generating device (SGD) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Something that stands for something else.
nTypes
nAided and Unaided
nAcoustic Symbols
nGraphic Symbols
nManual Symbols
nTactile Symbols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-refers to the type of assistive device that is used to send or receive messages.
nElectronic versus nonelectronic
nElectronic typically refers to speech generating devices.
nNonelectronic typically refers to AAC aids that use no technology or low/light technology.
nAssistive technology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nStrategy is the way symbols are effectively and efficiently conveyed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nRefers to the way in which messages are transmitted
nDirect selection
nPhysical pressure or depression
nPhysical contact
nPointing without contact
nSpeech or voice input
nIndirect selection
nScanning with single or dual switches
nDirected scanning
nCoded access |
|
|
Term
| Complex Communication Needs |
|
Definition
nExists when individuals cannot meet their daily communication needs through their current method(s) of communication
nEmphasizes
nNeeds and purposes of communication
nThe development of meaningful treatment goals |
|
|
