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Shinto, Islam, Sikhism
Comprehensive set of flashcards that address the major points of Shinto, Islam, Sikhism, and some Zoroastrianism
102
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
12/06/2009

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Cards

Term
Kami
Definition
Means “that which is found above”; Any of the sacred beings worshiped in Shintoism, conceived as spirits abiding in natural phenomena and sometimes in people with extraordinary qualities.
Term
Kannagara
Definition
Harmony with the way of the Kami; also, may refer to the Shinto outlook of Dao
Term
Misogi
Definition
Cleansing ritual performed underneath a waterfall, usually at least once in one’s lifetime
Term
Oharai
Definition
general term for rituals of purification in Shinto.
Term
Tsumi
Definition
the quality of impurity or misfortune
Term
Ahura Mazda
Definition
The one God for Zoroastrians
Term
Saoshayant
Definition
Savior at the end-of-times
Term
Amesha Spenta
Definition
Any of the six divine beings (three male, three female) created by Ahura Mazda to help govern creation.
Term
Parsis
Definition
Zoroastrian congregation in India
Term
Kusti
Definition
thread worn around the waste of adherents, customarily only worn by men in India
Term
Magi
Definition
Zoroastrian priests
Term
Allah
Definition
Islamic god
Term
Caliph
Definition
Title given to those who succeeded the Prophet Muhammad as real or nominal ruler of the Muslim world, ostensibly with all his powers except that of prophecy.
Term
Fatwa
Definition
In Islamic law, an opinion made by a judicial/religious scholar (a mufti) on a legal, civil, or religious matter.
Term
Hajj
Definition
In Islam, the pilgrimage to Mecca required of all Muslims at least once in their lifetime, provided they are physically and financially able. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Term
Hijab
Definition
The headscarf worn by Muslim women, sometimes including a veil that covers the face except for the eyes.
Term
Hijrah
Definition
When Mohammad went from Mecca to Medina
Term
Imam
Definition
A male spiritual and temporal leader regarded by Shiites as a descendant of Muhammad divinely appointed to guide humans.
Term
Islam
Definition
A monotheistic religion characterized by the acceptance of the doctrine of submission to God and to Muhammad as the chief and last prophet of God.
Term
Dhikr
Definition
Sufi practice of repeating the name of god as a form of meditation
Term
Jihad
Definition
An individual's striving for spiritual self-perfection.
Term
Ka’aba
Definition
Believed to be the first place worshipped by Adam
Term
Night Ascension
Definition
The night that, according to Muslim tradition, Muhammad ascended to the 7th heaven to meet Allah
Term
Kafir/Kufr
Definition
the term refers to a person who does not recognize God (Allah) or the prophethood of Muhammad (i.e., any non-Muslim) or who hides, denies, or covers the "truth".
Term
Skirk
Definition
believe in gods/deities other than Allah
Term
Gabriel
Definition
Angel who brought the revelation to Mohammad
Term
Madrasa
Definition
A traditional Islamic school
Term
Muezzin
Definition
a chosen person at the mosque who leads the call (adhan) to Friday service and the five daily prayers
Term
Ramadan
Definition
Commemoration of the month in which the first verses of the Qur’an were revealed to Mohammad
Term
Shahadah
Definition
One of the five pillars of Islam; reads: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah"
Term
Sharia
Definition
Formal Islamic law, based on the Qur’an and the Sunna
Term
Shi’a
Definition
Shia Islam holds that Muhammad's family, the Ahl al-Bayt ("the People of the House"), and certain individuals among his descendants, who are known as Imams, have special spiritual and political rule over the community. Shia Muslims further believe that Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, was the first of these Imams and was the rightful successor to Muhammad
Term
Sufism
Definition
Mystical branch of Islam
Term
Sunni
Definition
Adherents to Islam who follow the caliphs as opposed to the Imams
Term
Sura
Definition
A Surah is a "chapter" of the Qur'an, traditionally arranged roughly in order of decreasing length. Each Surah is named for a word or name mentioned in one of its ayat (sections).
Term
Ummah
Definition
Muslim community/congregation
Term
Amrit
Definition
Baptismal water used in the Sikh purification ceremony
Term
Dasam Granth
Definition
The collection of the writings of the 10th Patshah, Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. It contains his Jaap Sahib
Term
Gurdwara
Definition
Place of worship for Sikhs
Term
Jaap Sahib
Definition
The morning prayer of the Sikhs. This Prayer or Bani was composed by the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh.
Term
janam-sakhis
Definition
Accounts on the life of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, each consisting of a series of separate incidents or chapters normally in chronological order, entitled Sakhis
Term
Jap Ji
Definition
1st morning prayer, written by Guru Nanuk
Term
Khalsa
Definition
Sikhs which have undergone the sacred Amrit Ceremony initiated by the 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. The Khalsa order was initially created on Baisakhi Day March 30 1699, with Guru Gobind Singh baptizing 5 Sikhs and then in turn asking the five Khalsa's to baptize him
Term
Khalistan
Definition
Movement to create a Sikh homeland in the Punjab region
Term
Kirtan
Definition
call-and-response chanting performed in India's devotional traditions
Term
Adi Granth
Definition
Literally meaning “the first book,” this is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Guru Arjan, the fifth Sikh Guru, in 1604. This Granth (Book) is the Holy Scripture of the Sikhs.
Term
Five things Sikhs avoid
Definition
Lust, Anger, Greed, Attachment, Ego
Term
Langar
Definition
Free communal meal, served without caste distinctions
Term
Nam
Definition
Holy name of God that reverberates throughout Creation
Term
Panth/Sangat
Definition
religious community
Term
Udasi
Definition
A religious, ascetic sect, sampradaya (tradition) which considers itself as denomination of Sikhism, and focuses on the teachings of its founder, Sri Chand. Can also mean a prolonged absence from home
Term
Kami
Definition
Means “that which is found above”; Any of the sacred beings worshiped in Shintoism, conceived as spirits abiding in natural phenomena and sometimes in people with extraordinary qualities.
Term
Kannagara
Definition
Harmony with the way of the Kami; also, may refer to the Shinto outlook of Dao
Term
Misogi
Definition
Cleansing ritual performed underneath a waterfall, usually at least once in one’s lifetime
Term
Oharai
Definition
general term for rituals of purification in Shinto.
Term
Tsumi
Definition
the quality of impurity or misfortune
Term
Ahura Mazda
Definition
The one God for Zoroastrians
Term
Saoshayant
Definition
Savior at the end-of-times
Term
Amesha Spenta
Definition
Any of the six divine beings (three male, three female) created by Ahura Mazda to help govern creation.
Term
Parsis
Definition
Zoroastrian congregation in India
Term
Kusti
Definition
thread worn around the waste of adherents, customarily only worn by men in India
Term
Magi
Definition
Zoroastrian priests
Term
Allah
Definition
Islamic god
Term
Caliph
Definition
Title given to those who succeeded the Prophet Muhammad as real or nominal ruler of the Muslim world, ostensibly with all his powers except that of prophecy.
Term
Fatwa
Definition
In Islamic law, an opinion made by a judicial/religious scholar (a mufti) on a legal, civil, or religious matter.
Term
Hajj
Definition
In Islam, the pilgrimage to Mecca required of all Muslims at least once in their lifetime, provided they are physically and financially able. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Term
Hijab
Definition
The headscarf worn by Muslim women, sometimes including a veil that covers the face except for the eyes.
Term
Hijrah
Definition
When Mohammad went from Mecca to Medina
Term
Imam
Definition
A male spiritual and temporal leader regarded by Shiites as a descendant of Muhammad divinely appointed to guide humans.
Term
Islam
Definition
A monotheistic religion characterized by the acceptance of the doctrine of submission to God and to Muhammad as the chief and last prophet of God.
Term
Dhikr
Definition
Sufi practice of repeating the name of god as a form of meditation
Term
Jihad
Definition
An individual's striving for spiritual self-perfection.
Term
Ka’aba
Definition
Believed to be the first place worshipped by Adam
Term
Night Ascension
Definition
The night that, according to Muslim tradition, Muhammad ascended to the 7th heaven to meet Allah
Term
Kafir/Kufr
Definition
the term refers to a person who does not recognize God (Allah) or the prophethood of Muhammad (i.e., any non-Muslim) or who hides, denies, or covers the "truth".
Term
Skirk
Definition
believe in gods/deities other than Allah
Term
Gabriel
Definition
Angel who brought the revelation to Mohammad
Term
Madrasa
Definition
A traditional Islamic school
Term
Muezzin
Definition
a chosen person at the mosque who leads the call (adhan) to Friday service and the five daily prayers
Term
Ramadan
Definition
Commemoration of the month in which the first verses of the Qur’an were revealed to Mohammad
Term
Shahadah
Definition
One of the five pillars of Islam; reads: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah"
Term
Sharia
Definition
Formal Islamic law, based on the Qur’an and the Sunna
Term
Shi’a
Definition
Holds that Muhammad's family, the Ahl al-Bayt ("the People of the House"), and certain individuals among his descendants, who are known as Imams, have special spiritual and political rule over the community. Shia Muslims further believe that Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, was the first of these Imams and was the rightful successor to Muhammad
Term
Sufism
Definition
Mystical branch of Islam
Term
Sunni
Definition
Adherents to Islam who follow the caliphs as opposed to the Imams
Term
Sura
Definition
"Chapter" of the Qur'an, traditionally arranged roughly in order of decreasing length. Each Surah is named for a word or name mentioned in one of its ayat (sections).
Term
Ummah
Definition
Muslim community/congregation
Term
Amrit
Definition
Baptismal water used in the Sikh purification ceremony
Term
Dasam Granth
Definition
The collection of the writings of the 10th Patshah, Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. It contains his Jaap Sahib
Term
Gurdwara
Definition
Place of worship for Sikhs
Term
Jaap Sahib
Definition
The morning prayer of the Sikhs. This Prayer or Bani was composed by the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh.
Term
janam-sakhis
Definition
Accounts on the life of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, each consisting of a series of separate incidents or chapters normally in chronological order, entitled Sakhis
Term
Jap Ji
Definition
1st morning prayer, written by Guru Nanuk
Term
Khalsa
Definition
Sikhs which have undergone the sacred Amrit Ceremony initiated by the 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. The Khalsa order was initially created on Baisakhi Day March 30 1699, with Guru Gobind Singh baptizing 5 Sikhs and then in turn asking the five Khalsa's to baptize him
Term
Khalistan
Definition
Movement to create a Sikh homeland in the Punjab region
Term
Kirtan
Definition
call-and-response chanting performed in India's devotional traditions
Term
Adi Granth
Definition
Literally meaning “the first book,” this is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Guru Arjan, the fifth Sikh Guru, in 1604. This Granth (Book) is the Holy Scripture of the Sikhs.
Term
Five things Sikhs avoid
Definition
Lust, Anger, Greed, Attachment, Ego
Term
Langar
Definition
Free communal meal, served without caste distinctions
Term
Nam
Definition
Holy name of God that reverberates throughout Creation
Term
Panth/Sangat
Definition
religious community
Term
Udasi
Definition
A religious, ascetic sect, sampradaya (tradition) which considers itself as denomination of Sikhism, and focuses on the teachings of its founder, Sri Chand. Can also mean a prolonged absence from home
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