The _3:1 (Hydrogen to Helium)_ ratio was predicted by the Big Bang theory and helps establish the rate of expansion for the universe.

_Apparent Magnitude_ (2 words) is how bright a star appears when viewed from Earth.

_Earth Science_ (2 words) includes the 4 main sub categories of Geology, Astronomy, Oceanography, and Meteorology.

The concept that the more distant an object is in space, the farther in its past we are observing its light is called _look back time_

_Observation_ is the use of the senses to gather and record information.

The  _static model_ states the universe is both infinitely large and eternal, and space is neither expanding nor contracting.

The _Hertzsprung-Russel_ (2 words) diagram shows the relationship between a stars brightness and its temperature.

The branch of astronomy devoted to the study of the physical characteristics and composition of objects in the sky is called _astrophysics_

The _outer planets_ (2 words) are composed of liquid and frozen gases and orbit outside the asteroid belt.

A term used to describe objects believed to be fuzzy patches of luminous gas and dust  _nebula_

_Earth science_ (2 words) includes all fields of natural science related to the planet we live on.

_Observation_ may include the use of sight, hearing, or touch.

Answers sought by this field include; How did the Universe begin?  When did it begin? Where did it come from? and How will it end? _cosmology_

A _supergiant_ is 100 to 1000 times the size of the sun.

The science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it is called _geology_.

A _theory_ is  what a scientist believes is most likely true.

A branch of philosophy (not science) exploring the fundamental questions, including the nature of concepts like being, existence and reality. _metaphysics_

A pair of stars that are bound together by gravity is called a _binary star system_ (3 words).

The continuous flow of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun is called the _solar wind_(2 words)

These structures are actually other galaxies outside our own galaxy. _spiral nebulae_

A suggested, testable answer to a well-defined scientific question is called a _hypothesis_.

A stars' _absolute magnitude_ (2 words) describes the amount of light that a star actually emits

_physical geology_ (2 words) is the branch of geology that studies the materials, structure, and surface features of the earth and the geologic processes that form them.

_red shift_ is caused by a light source that is moving away from the observer.

Use of a _model_ generally makes things easier to visualize and understand.

This radiation is left over from an early stage of the universe like a distant flash from the Big Bang itself.  _CMBR_

A _red giant_ (2 words) is a very large, cool, bright star.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are made of rock and dust and are called the _inner planets_ (2 words)

A(an) _experiment_ tests the validity of a given hypothesis.

When plotted on a graph that compares surface temperature to brightness, most stars with average mass, lie within a narrow band which crosses the graph diagonally from lower right to upper left.  These stars are called _main sequence_ (2 words) stars.

According to the _nebula theory (?)_ (two words), the sun and planets condensed out of a large rotating cloud of dust and gas.

Faster expansion of the universe would have produced more _helium_ that we see in today.

A _model_ represents something that is too complex, difficult or dangerous to observe or test directly.

A _cephied variable_ (2 words) star brightens and then fades in a regular repeating pattern over time.

The amount by which you look into the past  is equal to the distance to the galaxy measured in _light years_

The branch of Geology that tries to reconstruct the geologic events of Earth's past is called _paleology_ (2 words)

What color is the longest wavelength of visible light? _blue_

A _variable_ could affect the results of an experiment.

The word _nova_ means “new star”.

The _static_ model was first proposed and supported by Einstein.

A large cloud of gas and dust in space is called a _nebula_.

This is the “Effect” in a cause and effect relationship. _dependent variable_

Stars with very high mass may expand and form a _supergiant_ at the end of their life.

_meteorology_ studies the composition, processes and phenomena of the atmosphere.

The _independent variable_ (2 words required) is controlled and changed by the experimenter in order to see how it effects other factors.

The distance a beam of light would cover in 1 year is called a _light year_.

The science of _oceanography_ includes everything from the composition and movements of sea water to the plants and animals that live in it.

_quantitative data_ (2 words required) are always in numeric (number) form.

_binary star systems_ (3 words) orbit around a mutual fixed point in space called the center of mass.

The current theory of how our solar system formed is called the _Big Bang_ (2 words).

Recorded observations or items of information are called _data_.

A formation of stars, like Orion or The Big Dipper is called a _constellation_.

The science of _cosmology_ studies celestial objects, space, and the physical universe outside of our planet.

The _dependent variable_ (2 words required) responds to changes in another factor.  

In astronomy, a _light year_ is used to measure distances to things that are relatively close. Large distances are measured in parsecs.

A primary focus of _meteorology_ is forecasting the weather.

_qualitative data_ (2 words required) describe actions, color, textures, and other traits not easily measured.

The properties of dark matter, dark energy, black holes and worm holes would be part of the science of ...._astronomy_