Term
| Descriptive/inferential statistics |
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Definition
-Mean, Median, Mode.
-Inferential: tools used to make statements about a population using sample data in the face of error. Inferences, educated estimates about a population. |
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Term
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Definition
-tools used to make statements about a population using
sample data in the face of error. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Null: there is no difference. Alternative: there is a difference |
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Term
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Definition
-a standardized score; when values are transformed in a way that allows
for comparisons between variables measured on different scales; distance is
measured from the mean and relative to the standard deviation of the variables.
Thus a z score is calculated by subtracting the mean from the individual score
and dividing by the standard deviation.
-Indicates how far above or below a given score is in terms of standard deviation units. |
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Term
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Definition
-chances one is willing to take in making a Type I error when testing
a hypothesis; also known as the p value, probability level or critical value. Most
commonly the alpha value is set to 0.05, 0.01, or 0.10. If 0.05 is selected, this
means the researcher will be wrong in rejecting the null hypothesis (make a Type
I error) 5 percent of the time. |
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Term
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Definition
-the standard deviation of the sampling distribution.
Smaller statistics = less confident. Chances of your data being right. Larger statistics, better.
-The standard error is the measure of how much random variation we would expect from samples of equal size drawn from the same population. |
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Term
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Definition
-high correlations among independent variables in a regression.
If independent variables are too highly correlated, then the ability of multiple
regression to estimate the effects of each variable is weakened, and it is difficult
to make conclusions about the effects of the independent variables. |
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Term
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Definition
Y= Any Y value (dependent variable)
A= Y intercept (constant)
B= Slope
X = Any X value (independent variable) |
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Term
| Independent/Dependent Variable |
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Definition
Independent- Given.
Dependent- Outcome variable (dependent on independent variable). |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of variation in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable or variables. |
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