Term
| Which hypersensitivity is cellular immunity ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 (immediate) hypersensitivity occurs when ? |
|
Definition
| When IgE on mast cells / basophils is crosslinked by antigen to induce release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that manifest locally or systemically |
|
|
Term
| Exs of Type 1 Hypersensitivity rxns ? |
|
Definition
A A A
Allergic rhinitis
Anaphylaxis
Asthma |
|
|
Term
| Type 2 Ab hypersensitivity occurs when ? |
|
Definition
| IgM or IgG Abs bind cell surface antigens that leads to complement activation and IgG/FcgammaR interaction which leads to other things |
|
|
Term
| Exs of Type 2 hypersensitivities ? |
|
Definition
G H2A2T
Goodpasture's Syndrome
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
Hyperactue rejection of txed tissue
Autoimmune rxns
Autologous Cell Death
Transfusion Rxn |
|
|
Term
| Type 3 hypersensitivity occurs when ? |
|
Definition
| When IgM or IgG "immune complexes" bind "complement and phagocytes" that leads to complement activation and IgG/FcgammaR interaction which leads to other things |
|
|
Term
| Type 2 hypersensitivity occurs when ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 3 hypersensitivity occurs when what immune complexes act ? |
|
Definition
| IgM and IgG immune complexes |
|
|
Term
| Exs of Type 3 hypersensitivities ? |
|
Definition
SAFS
SLE
Arthus Rxn
Farmer's Lung
Serum Sickness |
|
|
Term
| Exs of Type 4 Hypersensitivities ? |
|
Definition
C2 D2 M2 GHR
Contact dermatitis
Crohn's disesae
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity rxn
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Mantoux test
Multiple Sclerosis
Granuloma Inflammation
Hashimoto's Tyroiditis
Rheumatoid Arthritis |
|
|
Term
| 4 type of hypersensitivity rxns are ? |
|
Definition
Type 1 - Immediate
Type 2 - Antibody-mediated
Type 3 - Immune complex mediated
Type 4 - Cell-mediated |
|
|
Term
| All hypersen. rxns have what two phases ? |
|
Definition
| A sensitization phase and a detrimental effector phase |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity occurs in what two stages ? |
|
Definition
Early phase which is triggered by products of mast cell degranulation
Late phase is a sustained inflammation and involves Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils |
|
|
Term
| RAST testing is done in Type 1 hypersensitivities to test for what ? |
|
Definition
| Measures quantitatively the allergen-specific IgE Abs present in serum |
|
|
Term
| Limitations of RAST test ? |
|
Definition
IgE bound to mast cells are not estimated, potentially leading to false negative results
Also IgG Abs specific for antigen may competitively bind allergen, preventing detection of IgE |
|
|
Term
| 3 trts for any hypersensitivity rxn are ? |
|
Definition
1) Minimizing exposure to antigens that trigger the rxn
2) Pharmacological intervention (like anti-histamines or sodium cromoglycate)
3) Desensitization |
|
|
Term
| Prophylatic pharmacological interventions to hypersensitivities include what two things? |
|
Definition
Anti-histamines
Sodium cromoglycate |
|
|
Term
| Anti-histamines work how ? |
|
Definition
| Are H1-histamine receptor antagonists that competitively inhibit binding to H1 binding sites |
|
|
Term
| Sodium cromoglycate works how ? |
|
Definition
| Stabilizes the mast cell and basophil membranes, decreasing relase of inflammatory mediators |
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine administration provides how long of protection as antidote to hypersensitivities caused by bad agents ? |
|
Definition
| Transient protection of 30 - 90 minutes |
|
|
Term
| What is administered to control persistent/recurrent symptoms of hypersensitivities ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is desensitization or "allergy shots" ? |
|
Definition
| Controlled immunization with antigen in a manner designed to stimulate the production of IgG Abs instead of IgE, following promotion of naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate to Th1 phenotype |
|
|
Term
| People with allergies to nuts, shellfish, or insect stings should carry 3 things ? |
|
Definition
1) An epi-pen
2) Benadryl (to be taken after #1 en route to hospital
3) Medic-alert bracelet |
|
|
Term
| Do Type 1 hypersensitivity rxns need to wait for re-exposure to antigen ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another name for hemolytic disease of the newborn is ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medicine is given to Rh- mothers in hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Goodpasture's syndrome, what type of Abs are found ? |
|
Definition
| Formation of Abs to basement membrane antigens common to both kidney and lungs |
|
|
Term
| Tissue in Goodpasture's syndrome is damaged due to what ? |
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis by neutrophils activates the respiratory burst, leading to secretion of ROIs and other enzymes, cause local tissue damage. |
|
|
Term
| In SLE or lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus), complexes are deposited where ? |
|
Definition
| Complexes are deposited in kidney glomeruli to cause glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Serum Sickness (Type 3 hypersensitivity rxn) was first detected in ? |
|
Definition
| Identified in some pts. who had been passively immunized with horse serum containing anti-diptheria toxin Abs |
|
|
Term
| (True/False) - Type 4 hypersensitivity rxns are mediated by immune cells not Abs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersenstitivity rxns are subclassified as what 3 rxns ? |
|
Definition
1) Chronic - (ex: granulomatous inflammation)
2) Acute - (ex: Mantoux rxn)
3) Contact - (ex: poison ivy dermatitis) |
|
|
Term
| Two exs of chronic granulomatous inflammation are ? |
|
Definition
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| Two exs of chronic granulomatous inflammation are ? |
|
Definition
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| Intradermal PPD administration is a Mantoux rxn and what other type of rxn ? |
|
Definition
| DTH (delayed type hypersensitivity rxn) |
|
|
Term
| Ex) of contact hypersensitivity is what ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the hapten in poison ivy dermatitis ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Haptens need what additional thing to generate an immune response ? |
|
Definition
| Need to be bound to a protein |
|
|
Term
| Rheumatoid arthritis is what type of hypersensitivity ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Candida extract skin reaction is what type of hypersensitivity ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eosinophils destroy parasites how ? |
|
Definition
| Via ADCC (antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity) |
|
|
Term
| In hereditary angioedema (low C1 esterase inhibitor), what drug is contraindicated ? |
|
Definition
| ACE Inhibitors like Captopril |
|
|
