Term
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Definition
Also known as immunoglobulins
Are heterologous glycoproteins secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) |
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Term
| Monomeric antibody units consist of what? |
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Definition
Two identical light chains covalently linked to two identical heavy chains.
Each light chain and heavy chain has a variable region (N-terminal) and a constant region (C-terminal) |
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Term
| What distinguishes the two classes of light chains? |
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Definition
The constant region, kappa or lambda
In humans, predominant light chain is kappa |
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Term
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Definition
Refers to presence of allelic forms of same protein in the population,
Kappa chain allotypes are referred to as Km |
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Term
| Will an antibody ever have a mixture of a kappa or lambda light chain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 different classes of heavy chains? |
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Definition
| Alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma, mu |
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Term
| What gives rise to the different antibody isotypes (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM)? |
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Definition
| The different constant regions on the various heavy chains. |
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Term
| Which antibody isotypes have subclasses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the antigen binding site on antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Biological activity of diff. antibody molecules is due to what? |
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Definition
| Amino acid differences in the constant region |
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Term
| Hypervariable regions are called what? |
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Definition
CDRs (complementary determining regions)
These regions form the paratope, which is part of the variable region that contacts the epitopes on the antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| The strength of the interaction between one antigen binding site and its monovalent antigen |
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Term
| What is antibody avidity? |
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Definition
| Overall binding energy of all of the antigen binding sites with antigen |
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Term
| What is the bifunctional nature of antibodies? |
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Definition
| Abs possess both an antigen binding capacity and a biological activity region |
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Term
| Digestion of Ab with papain yields? |
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Definition
3 molecules
Two copies of F(ab) and one (Fc) fragment that cannot bind antigen |
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Term
| Digestion of Abs with pepsin yields ? |
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Definition
| One molecule possessing two antigen binding sites Fab2 |
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Term
| What defines the antigen binding site of an Ab? |
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Definition
| The combined variable regions of light and heavy chains. |
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Term
| How many antigen binding sites are on each monomeric antibody molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| What correlates with the antibody's biological role in an immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| IgA exits in what 3 forms? |
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Definition
| As a monomer, dimer, or trimer |
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Term
| Dimeric and trimeric forms of IgA are associated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major Ab of milk and colostrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| IgA activates what complement pathway? |
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Definition
| "A"lternative complement pathway |
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Term
| Function of secretory IgA? |
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Definition
| Secretory IgA functions in immunosurveillance binding to organisms before they bind to M cells, their port of entry into lamina propria |
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Term
| What two Abs are expressed on naive B cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Low detectable serum levels of IgD reflect what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most circulating Ab is of what type? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do IgG Abs cross the placenta? |
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Definition
| Yes, they can be transported across the placenta and enter fetal circulation so that mother's immunity is transferred to fetus |
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Term
| IgGs plays a major role in elimination of microbes using what methods? |
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Definition
1) Opsonization by phagocytes
2) ADCC by NK cells
3) Complement activation
4) Neutralization of viruses and toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| Yes, it is used to facilitate polymerization of the monomers |
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Term
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Definition
| Exists as a monomer when membrane associated, but is secreted from plasma cells in a pentameric form |
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Term
| IgM is important in an immnune response because? |
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Definition
| It activates the classical pathway of complement |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which one antigen is bound by two antibodies |
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Term
| Cross reactivity is what? |
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Definition
| When antibodies that have been generated to one epitope on an antigen can bind (usually with lower affinity) an epitope that is very similar on a different antigen |
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Term
| Monoclonal antibodies are what? |
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Definition
| A collection of antibody molecules arising from a single clone of antibody secreting plasma cells, all which recognize only one epitope on the immunizing antigen |
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Term
| Monoclonal Abs are generated from? |
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Definition
| Immunized animals like mice |
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Term
| Efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy is limited by what factors? |
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Definition
1) HAMA (human anti-mouse antibody)response ; humans who receive Abs from mice mount an immune response against the foreign Abs
2) Size of Ab molecule continues to be a limiting factor
3) Formation of immunoconjugates (Ab plus drug or radioactive molecule) requires a stable linkage, which has been a challenge
4)Trt of cancers with immunoconjugates is limited by the general lack of tissue specific antigens on most cancer cells |
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Term
| Can Abs serve as antigens ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| They can be generated to both variable and constant regions |
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Term
| Hypervariable regions can serve as? |
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Definition
| Antigenic determinants (idiotopes) |
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Term
| Idiotype is determined by? |
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Definition
| Collection of idiotopes in a given Ab |
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Term
| What are anti-idiotypic Abs? |
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Definition
| Abs generated to the collection of idiotopes on a single antibody molecule |
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Term
| Hypervariable regions and constant regions can serve as ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are anti-isotypic Abs ? |
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Definition
| When (Animal) Abs are generated that recognize the (human) Ab Fc region / constant region. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins expressed on surface of RBCs |
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Term
| Rh incompatibility refers to what? |
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Definition
| Potential for Rh incompatibility b/w an Rh- mother and a Rh+ fetus |
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Term
| What is erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) ? |
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Definition
| Rh mismatch problem between mother (Rh-) and fetus (Rh+) |
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Term
| Universal donor blood group is? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab crosses the placenta ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab has the longest half life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab is present in the highest conc. in circulation ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Ab isotype of isohemagglutinins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab expressed on immature B cells ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab in aggregated form activates the alternative pathway of complement ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab "stored" bound to FceR on mast cells and basophils ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab most efficient (when bound to antigen) activating the classical pathway of complement ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab is known as reaginic Ab ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Ab transferred to infant during breast feeding ? |
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Definition
| Mostly IgA and to lesser degree IgG |
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