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nonsex determining traits (genes) but whose loci appear on the X or Y chromosomes
hemophilia
red/green colorblindness |
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occur on autosomal chromosome and change their behavior
according to the sex chromosome carred
(according to whether ur male or female) |
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occur on autosomal chromosome but affect sex characteristics
ex. alleles responsible for production of facial hari trait/gene appear on one sex or another
(suppress trigger on and off) |
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| based on somebodys biology their future is determined |
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| based on somebodys biology their future is determined |
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brain of cell
control center
contains genetic material |
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| when codes for the production of a protein are the same on homologous chromosomes the individual is called a homozygote for that trait |
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| when codes for hte production of a protein are different on homologous chromosomes the individual is called a heterozygote for that particular trait |
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| alleles that will always potentionally serve as the code for the production of a protein |
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| alleles that will only potentionally serve as the code for production of a protein IF the allele at the same locus on the homologous chromosome is recessive |
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a location along the chromosome where a gene can be found
(theyre homologous bc they share similar loci) |
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plato believed:
aristotle believed: |
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-we were born with senses right vs wrong
-we came to know thigns through our senses and build ideas from that |
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scientific hypothesis
(scientific theory) |
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| testable, correctable, repeatable explanation of an observable or calculated phenomena taht yields new info about nature in order to answer questions |
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| doesnt give answers and can be interpreted in many ways |
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| of basic data changes because society changes |
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| researchers should be all dif not all white male liberal democrates. |
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the 23rd chromosme determining XX female or XY male
in females it makes exact copies of itself
in males X makes identical copies of itself AND Y makes identical copies of itself |
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chromosomes taht everybody has in relation to their sex chromosome
(chrom. #1-22) |
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| long strands of DNA arranged in a double helix of molecules |
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| small sections of a chromosome which serve as a blueprint for the production of a protein |
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genes taht have alternate expressions(dif codes at particular loci)
genes that every person is dif. eye color as opposed to 2 arms 2 legs 1 nose etc.) |
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adenine is paired with:
guanine is paired with: |
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| adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine |
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| production of protein from amino acids |
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chromosomes having the same size, shape, binding pattern, and array of genes; DNA coding for hair color in the allele from your mother is homologous to DNA coding for hair color in the corresponding allele from your father.
(at same loci) |
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| #, size & configuration of the chromosomes within a species |
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any cell in the body except sex cells
ex. blood cell, nerve cell, smooth muscle cellies
-contribute to form and structure of our bodies to function
-create new generations of identical cells |
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egg and sperm
-pass along genetic info to next generation
-create genetic variation in the next generation |
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| cell created from 2 sex cells (sperm and egg)= baby! |
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| in meiosis (sex repro.) the 3rd step when strands give eachother hugs and in areas where touching occurs, material swaps places |
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step 4 of meiosis (sex repro.) where homologous chrom. are recombined.
chromosomes align down center and spindle fibers are formed |
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the material inside the nucleus that carries genetic information
The double-stranded, helical molecular chain found within the nucleus of each cell. |
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determined by the combined effect of more than one pair of genes...influenced by more than one allele at dif loci
often a great number of loci containing dif alleles are responsible for a trait---these traits are polygenic traits |
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| describes the extent to which the properties controlled by a gene will be expressed |
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| an allele that produces the same effect in every individual of the proper genotype |
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an allele (usually dominant) that successfully becomes displayed in the phenotype of one person with proper genotype but not in another
(usually heterozygote on autosomal chromosome) |
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| variable penetrance/expressivity |
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manifestations of a particular disease may not be present in all those who inherit the defective gene
range of signs and symptoms that can occur in def people with the same genotype |
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| genes taht have small quantitative effects on the level of expression of another gene |
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| genes taht can turn on or turn off the ability of another gene to serve as the code for a protein |
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| social role somebody plays within a group (based in part about their sex) |
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| related to bio and physical attributes/aspects 2 sexes |
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| developing ideas then collecting data |
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| collecting data and then developing ideas |
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| a process used to understand the world which requires that certain rules be followed |
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| sciences goal isnt to prove, its also to unprove |
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| how is science dif than religion? |
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science: process taht must follow part. rules
science doesnt seek to prove, it can only disprove |
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| recognized occurence for which the result is always the same |
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| having 2 of each chromosome |
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code for an amino acid
(series of 3) |
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| how many naturally occuring amino acids |
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| long strand of amino acids |
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| codon that tells when codon starts |
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| codon that tells when codons end |
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| # and types of alleles found on your chromosomes |
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how alleles are physically expressed in your body
phenotype=genotype+environment
can be influenced by behavior of alleles |
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| when 2 dif alleles either both dominant or recessive appear on homologous chromosomes at a particular locus |
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| arguments about women in science |
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-have been denied access to scientific and other types of education
-the scientific process is engendered
-women aint got what it takes |
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