Term
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Definition
| A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A study in which cases are defined as those with the disease and controls are those without the disease. We can then study the significance between exposure and non-exposure from the two groups. Note: This study begins with diseased and non-diseased people. |
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Definition
| Determines what percentage of people diagnosed as having a certain disease die within a certain time after diagnosis |
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Term
| Case series ( Case Study) |
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Definition
| An alternative to randomization in that no comparison is made with an untreated group or with a group receiving some other treatment. |
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Definition
| Data that can be separated into different categories distinguished by a nonnumeric characteristic. |
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Definition
| Factors that increase risk for an event. |
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Definition
| Centers for disease control and prevention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Centers for disease control and prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of subjects from a follow-up study; the occurrence of the event of interest (i.e. developing a disease or death) among such subjects is uncertain after a specified time when it was known that the event of interest had not occurred; it is not known, however, if or when the event of interest occurred subsequently. Such subjects are considered censored. |
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Definition
| A disease that will last for a considerable amount of time if not until death. ill effects and or complications are usually delayed and gradual. |
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Definition
| Council for international organizations of the medical Sciences |
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Definition
| Bias due to a misclassification ( ed. Measurement error) |
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Definition
| Disease characterized by signs and symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of study that utilizes randomly assigned data in establishing sound cause- effect associations of an agent or factor to a disease,condition or death |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of statistical methods used to group cariables or observations into strongly interrelated subgroups |
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Term
| Cohort study ( prospective study) |
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Definition
| A study that compares the incidence of disease between a group of exposed individuals and a group of non exposed individuals. Note this study begins with exposed and non exposed people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to a noxious influence that is common to the individuals in the group. |
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Term
| Community trial Experiment |
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Definition
| in which the prevention or therapy is administered to the entire community (ex. fluoridation of drinking water). |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The computed interval with a given probability, e.g. 95%, that the true value of a variable is contained within the interval. |
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Term
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Definition
| Confounding is a term used when variables or factors known to be related, or associated with, can influence the state of the subjects being studied. |
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Term
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Definition
| Table of observed frequencies where the rows correspond to one variable of classification and the columns correspond to another variable of classification; simplest form is the two by two table. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A bias due to aggregation at the population level of causes and/or effects that are unlike at the individual level, occurring in ecological studies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A study in which both exposure and disease outcome are determined simultaneously for each subject; it is as if we were viewing a snapshot of the population at a certain point of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method for determining which of the possible agents is likely to be the cause when confronted with several possible causal agents. |
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Term
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Definition
| The incidence is calculated by using a period of time during which all of the individuals in the population are considered to be at risk for the outcome. |
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