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| received the Nobel Prize for Peace for his part in organizing the United Nations. |
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| United Nations diplomat and humanitarian. She was, in her time, one of the world’s most widely admired and powerful women. one of the co-founders of Freedom House and supported the formation of the United Nations |
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| a Catholic priest and activist, broadcasts his first religious program from a Detroit radio station. The Catholic Church will eventually ask him to discontinue the broadcasts due to their racist, often anti-Semitic, content. |
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| - noted for his radical populist policies. governor of Louisiana and U.S. senator whose social reforms and radical welfare proposals were ultimately overshadowed by the unprecedented executive dictatorship that he perpetrated to ensure control of his home state |
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| As chief justice he led the Supreme Court through the great controversy arising over the New Deal legislation of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. |
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| American aviator, one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic, from New York to Paris, on May 20–21, 1927. |
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| U.S. secretary of the interior under President Warren G. Harding; he was the first American to be convicted of a felony committed while holding a Cabinet post. In 1924 a Senate investigation revealed that Fall had accepted a large bribe to lease to private oil interests, without competitive bidding, naval oil reserve lands in the Teapot Dome reserve in Wyoming and other reserves in California. He was convicted of bribery in 1929 and served nine months of a one-year prison sentence. |
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| - American lawyer and political manager for Warren G. Harding who was accused of corruption during his time as Harding’s attorney general (1921–24). Member of the Ohio Gang, the name given to the group of advisors surrounding President Warren G. Harding. |
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| American financier, philanthropist, and secretary of the Treasury (1921–32) who reformed the tax structure of the U.S. government in the 1920s. His benefactions made possible the building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. |
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| - U.S. leader of the Progressive Movement, who as governor of Wisconsin (1901–06) and U.S. senator (1906–25) was noted for his support of reform legislation. He was the unsuccessful presidential candidate of the League for Progressive Political Action (i.e., the Progressive party) in 1924, winning almost 5,000,000 votes, or about one-sixth of the total cast. |
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| elected Governor of New York four times, and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. Focused on Prohibition and religion. Smith opposed Prohibition. He lost the election to Herbert Hoover. He then became president of the Empire State, Inc. and was instrumental in getting the Empire State Building built at the onset of the Great Depression. |
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| American lawyer, legislator, and U.S. attorney general (1919–21) whose highly publicized campaigns against suspected radicals touched off the so-called Red Scare of 1919–20. |
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| - lawyer whose work as defense counsel in many dramatic criminal trials earned him a place in American legal history. He was also well-known as a public speaker, debater, and miscellaneous writer. best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Bobby Franks |
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| American industrialist who revolutionized factory production with his assembly-line methods. Founder of the Ford Motor Company. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. |
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| - American short-story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), his most brilliant novel being The Great Gatsby (1925). |
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| was charged on May 5, 1925 with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools. He was tried in a case known as the Scopes Monkey Trial. |
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| the most famous American gangster, who dominated organized crime in Chicago from 1925 to 1931. the boss of the criminal organization known as the Chicago Outfit |
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| 18. William Jennings Bryan |
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| He was influential in the eventual adoption of such reforms as popular election of senators, income tax, creation of a Department of Labor, Prohibition, and woman suffrage. Throughout his career, his Midwestern roots clearly identified him with agrarian interests, in opposition to those of the urban East. He was a strong supporter of Prohibition in the 1920s, and energetically attacked Darwinism and evolution, most famously at the Scopes Trial in 1925. |
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| founder of the birth-control movement in the United States and an international leader in the field. She is credited with originating the term birth control. |
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| American novelist and short-story writer, awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. He was noted for the intense masculinity of his writing. he was a part of "the Lost Generation |
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| legal prevention of the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages with the aim of obtaining partial or total abstinence through legal means. |
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| - the term Red Scare denotes two distinct periods of strong anti-communism. the First Red Scare was about worker revolution and political radicalism. The Second Red Scare was focused on (national and foreign) communists infiltrating the federal government. |
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| a United States federal law that limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country |
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| in U.S. history, a group of politicians who achieved high office during the presidential administration of Warren G. Harding and who betrayed their public trust through a number of scandals. |
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| Roosevelt followed up on his promise of prompt action with “The Hundred Days”—the first phase of the New Deal, in which his administration presented Congress with a broad array of measures intended to achieve economic recovery, to provide relief to the millions of poor and unemployed, and to reform aspects of the economy that Roosevelt believed had caused the collapse. |
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| - a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American lands from 1930 to 1936 (in some areas until 1940). The phenomenon was caused by severe drought |
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| - the name that United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to his complex package of economic programs 1933-36 with the goals of what historians call the 3 Rs, of giving Relief to the unemployed and badly hurt farmers, Reform of business and financial practices, and promoting Recovery of the economy during the Great Depression. |
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| gathering of 12,000 to 15,000 World War I veterans who, with their wives and children, converged on Washington, D.C., in 1932, demanding immediate bonus payment for wartime services to alleviate the economic hardship of the Great Depression. |
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| either of two distinct U.S. hate organizations that have employed terror in pursuit of their white supremacist agenda. hate group organizations in the United States whose avowed purpose was to protect the rights of and further the interests of white Americans by violence and intimidation. |
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| a series of laws designed to minimize American involvement with nations that were waging war. prohibited sale of war matériel and forbade any exports to these nations. Basically wanted to keep us out of world war 2 |
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| the foreign policy of the administration of United States President Franklin Roosevelt toward the countries of Latin America. The United States wished to have good relations with its neighbors, especially at a time when conflicts were beginning to rise once again, and this policy was more or less intended to garner Latin American support. |
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| a legislative initiative to add more justices to the Supreme Court proposed by U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt shortly after his victory in the 1936 presidential election. Although the bill aimed generally to overhaul and modernize all of the federal court system, its most important provision would have granted the President power to appoint an additional Justice to the U.S. Supreme Court for every sitting member over the age of 70½, up to a maximum of six. |
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| 13. Washington Naval Conference |
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| - international conference called by the United States to limit the naval arms race and to work out security agreements in the Pacific area. Held in Washington, D.C., the conference resulted in the drafting and signing of several major and minor treaty agreements. |
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| arrangement for Germany’s payment of reparations after World War I. |
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| highly publicized trial (known as the “Monkey Trial”) of a Dayton, Tennessee, high-school teacher, John T. Scopes, charged with violating state law by teaching Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. In March 1925 the Tennessee legislature had declared unlawful the teaching of any doctrine denying the divine creation of man as taught by the Bible. The case was a critical turning point in the United States' creation-evolution controversy |
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| - a blossoming (c. 1918–37) of African American culture, particularly in the creative arts, and the most influential movement in African American literary history. |
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| New ideas in psychology, philosophy, and political theory in the early part of the 20th century kindled a search for a new mode of expression in literature. |
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| 1. Emergency Banking Act (EBA) |
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| The act allowed a plan that would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive. |
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| 2. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC |
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| The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulated how companies could issue and sell stocks and bonds. Was created to serve as a watchdog on the stock market. |
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| 3. Civil Works Administration (CWA |
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| - established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create jobs for millions of unemployed. The jobs were merely temporary, for the duration of the hard winter |
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| 4. Social Security Act (SSA)- |
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| )- established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. |
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| 5. Emergency Relief Appropriations Act (ARA) |
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| a "large-scale public works program for the jobless". President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizes almost $5 million to implement work-relief programs |
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| 6. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) |
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| gave farmers financial payments, called subsidies, in exchange for holding down production of crops; these limits helped keep selling prices high enough for farmers to survive. |
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| 7. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) |
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| Private businesses could not put everyone back to work. So, New Deal programs created millions of public-service jobs. Instead of a handout, the government gave people work. From 1933 to 1942, more than three million young men and veterans worked for the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). In return for 30 dollars a month --25 dollars of which went to support their families -- CCC workers planted forests, built dams, constructed roads, and beautified parks. |
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| 8. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB |
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| - protected workers' bargaining rights by recognizing trade unions and establishing rules to govern union-management relations. |
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| 9. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), |
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| set up in 1933, was a multipurpose agency. It provided low-cost electric power to the Tennessee Valley and also improved river navigation, created a lake to control flooding, and replanted forests. |
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| the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States which bankrupted many U.S. stock investors and presaged the Great Depression. |
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| 2. Share Our Wealth Society |
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| a program designed to provide a decent standard of living to all Americans by spreading the nation’s wealth among the people. |
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| - controversial murder trial in Massachusetts, U.S., extending over seven years, 1920–27, and resulting in the execution of the defendants, Nicola Sacco and Bartolommeo Vanzetti. Many people felt that the trial had been less than fair and that the defendants had been convicted for their radical, anarchist beliefs rather than for the crime for which they had been tried. |
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| 4. House Un-American Activities Committee |
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| Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives, established in 1938 under Martin Dies as chairman that conducted investigations through the 1940s and ’50s into alleged communist activities. Highly controversial for its tactics, it was criticized for violating First Amendment rights. |
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| multilateral agreement attempting to eliminate war as an instrument of national policy. It was the most grandiose (impressive) of a series of peacekeeping efforts after World War I. A multinational treaty that prohibited the use of war as "an instrument of national policy."[ |
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| 6. Hoover Stimson Doctrine |
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| a policy of the United States federal government, enunciated in a note of January 7, 1932, to Japan and China, of non-recognition of international territorial changes that were executed by force. Stated that the United States did not intend to recognize as legally valid any situation, treaty, or agreement impairing U.S. treaty rights or brought about by means contrary to the Pact of Paris (1919). |
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| 7. National Broadcasting Company |
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| The oldest broadcasting network in the United States, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) came into being on Nov. 15, 1926. |
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| 8. Repeal of 18th Amendment |
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| - In 1919, a number of legislatures of the States ratified The 18th Amendment to the Federal Constitution and prohibition was no more |
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