Term
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Definition
| A group of contiguous addresses that can be expressed with a single network address and a subnet mask. Ex: 10.10.10.192/26 |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of network transmission in which a signal is sent to all computers on a local subnet. |
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Term
| Network Address Translation (NAT) |
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Definition
| a technology deployed on a router that hides the addresses on one network and allows computers on private ranges to communicate with computers on the internet. |
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Term
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Definition
| specific IPv4 ranges that can be employed by any organization for private use. |
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Term
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Definition
| a 32bit number used by a host on an IPv4 network to differentiate the network ID portion of an IPv4 address from the host ID portion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hierarchical (multitag) naming and name resolution system used on the internet and in Windows networks. |
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Term
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Definition
| the feature in which DNS clients can automatically register and update their own resource records in DNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| a DNS server (not a root server) to which unresolved queries are sent by a forwarding DNS server. |
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Term
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Definition
| for a DNS server, the process of sending to another specified DNS server (not the root server) any query that the original DNS server cannot answer. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of tracking the age of resource records in a zone. |
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Term
| application directory partition |
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Definition
| a partition in AD that is reserved for use with a specific application, such as DNS. In WinServer 2003 and WinServer 2008, domain controllers that are DNS servers include two application directory partitions by default: DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones. |
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Term
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Definition
| a zone, usually a primary zone, from which a transfer is performed to a secondary or stub zone. |
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Term
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Definition
| a read-write copy of a zone that provides the original source data for a portion of a DNS namespace. |
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Term
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Definition
| the automatic synchronization of data that occurs among domain controllers in an AD domain. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of deleting outdated records in a zone. |
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Term
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Definition
| a standard zone stored in a text file that provides a read-only copy of zone data. |
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Term
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Definition
| a zone that includes only a list of servers authoritative for names in a specific DNS domain. |
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Term
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Definition
| a database on a DNS server that includes the authoritative data for computer name-to-address mappings of a particular portion of a DNS namespace. A zone is assigned the same names as the domain for which it contains the data. |
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Term
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Definition
| the periodic zone copies that must occur between a master and a secondary zone in order to keep zone data current. |
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Term
| Authentication Header (AH) |
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Definition
| The security protocol in IPsec that ensures data authentication and integrity. |
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Term
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Definition
| An options class to which all DHCP clients belong. When you assign a DHCP option to the "blank", all DHCP clients receive the option. |
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Term
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Definition
| A security technique that reduces risk by providing multiple layers of protection. With "blank", if one security layer fails, another layer continues to provide protection. |
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Term
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Definition
| The server that synchronizes updates from an upstream server when you are designing WSUS architectures. |
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Term
| Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) |
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Definition
| The security protocol in IPsec that provides data encapsulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| An IP address that falls within the range of a DHCP server scope but that is configured not to be leased to DHCP clients. |
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Term
| fully qualified domain name (FQDN) |
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Definition
| A computer's host name concatenated with its DNS suffix. An FQDN is a name that can be queried for in a DNS infrastructure. An example of an FQDN is server1.contoso.com. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A route that directs traffic to a single IP address. DHCP NAP enforcement uses host routes to allow a noncompliant computer to access remediation resources. |
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Term
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Definition
| A manually configured file sometimes used by the local system to map DNS names to IP addresses. |
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Term
| Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) |
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Definition
| The messaging protocol built into IP on which the Ping and Tracert utilities are based. |
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Term
| Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) |
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Definition
| A printing protocol that uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP can work through most proxy servers and firewalls. |
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Term
| Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) |
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Definition
| An Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards-based suite of protocols whose purpose is to provide data authentication and encryption for IP networks. |
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Term
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Definition
| For a DNS client or server, the process of making multiple queries to servers in a DNS namespace. "blank" is performed on the basis of referrals received from queried servers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The data authentication protocol native to Active Directory. |
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Term
| Line Printer Daemon (LPD) |
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Definition
| A printing protocol commonly used by older UNIX operating systems. Most newer operating systems, including UNIX, can connect to shared printers using standard Windows sharing. |
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Term
| Link Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) |
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Definition
| A name resolution service for IPv6-enabled computers running Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008. "blank" resolves names only on the local subnet. |
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Term
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Definition
| A manually configured file sometimes used by the local system to map NetBIOS names to IP addresses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A port on a Layer 2 switch that receives all communications even if they are not directed to that port. You can use a monitoring port with Network Monitor to capture communications between other computers. |
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Term
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Definition
| An older set of network services still present in Windows networks today. "blank" includes, amonth other features, a naming system and a name resolution system. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of DHCP clients that enables a DHCP server to assign options only to particular clients within a scope. |
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Term
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Definition
| When using Network Monitor, a promiscuous mode that records communications sent between hosts other than the computer running Network Monitor. "blank" is disabled by default. |
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Term
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Definition
| A shared password that is also used to encrypt and decrypt data. |
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Term
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Definition
| The main domain name assigned to a computer. The primary DNS suffix is tied to domain membership and enables automatic DNS registration in a zone. |
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Term
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Definition
| For a DNS server, the process of accepting a name query from a client and then querying other servers on behalf of the client. |
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Term
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Definition
| A list of servers, provided by an Active Directory domain controller, that can serve a DFS request. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resource records that are provided in a response to DNS clients or servers after a query and that specify another DNS server to contact to resolve the queried-for name. |
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Term
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Definition
| The automatic synchronization of data that occurs among domain controllers in an Active Directory domain. |
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Term
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Definition
| An IP address that is configured always to be assigned to a DHCP client by a DHCP server. |
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Term
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Definition
| In general, a service that resolves names for a computer. In Windows, the resolver is the DNS Client service. |
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Term
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Definition
| A file that contains the list of root servers in a DNS namespace. The root servers are queried by default when a DNS server cannot itself answer a query. |
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Term
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Definition
| A list of IP destinations and how a computer can reach each destination. |
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Term
| Security Assocations (SA) |
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Definition
| A set of security standards agreed upon by two computers communication through IPsec. |
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Term
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Definition
| Destination shared folders referenced by nodes in a DFS namespace. |
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Term
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Definition
| The traditional mode of IPsec that provides end-to-end security between computers on a network. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mode of IPsec that provides compatibility for some VPN gateways. |
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Term
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Definition
| The server that provides update files to all downstream servers when you are designing WSUS architectures. Microsoft's own Microsoft Update servers are the final upstream servers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A user-defined options class that is populated by DHCP clients sharing a particular class ID set by an administrator. |
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Term
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Definition
| A options class that is made up of members belonging to a vendor group. "Microsoft Windows 2000 Options" is an example of a vendor class. |
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Term
| Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) |
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Definition
| Software that provides automated support for installing the latest critical updates and security updates to Windows 2000 and later versions of Windows. |
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Term
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Definition
| A name server used to resolve NetBIOS names on Windows networks. |
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