Term
| Politics of Combat: parties against the oligarchs |
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Definition
| 1. Early political parties grew out of “people’s rights movements” |
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Term
| Politics of Compromise and the emergence of the “establishment parties” |
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Definition
1. First government party, Seiyūkai (1900)
2. Hara Takashi (Kei) and the politicization of the bureaucracy |
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Definition
First government party - promoted "big gov." Liberal by their own standards, but today would be considered "conservative."
Came into power in 1900, "fell" in 1932. Was officially dissolved in 1940.
Admiral Yamamoto Gonnohyoe ruled as prime minister in alliance with the Seiyukai party for just one year in 1913. Scandal forced him to retire.
Then ruled by Hara Kei.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikken_Seiy%C5%ABkai
The rise to power of Hara and his Seiyukai party completed a two-decade process, marked by crisis and riot as well as backroom maneuvering. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara_Takashi
In 1900, Hara returned to politics and joined the new-founded party Rikken Seiyukai that was founded by Itō Hirobumi. Hara became the first secretary-general of the party.
In 1914, after heated debate, he was appointed the president of the Rikken Seiyūkai to replace the outgoing and aging leader Saionji Kinmochi. This period is often called Taishō democracy, which represented the move away from Japan's traditional system of government and toward something that could be called a real parliamentary democracy. Under Hara's leadership, the Rikken Seiyukai gained supporters steadily and in 1917, it became the largest party in the Diet.
In 1921, Hara was assassinated (stabbed) by a right-wing railroad switchman Kon'ichi Nakaoka at Tōkyō Station.
the first commoner appointed to the office of prime minister of Japan |
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In 1924 the mainstream of the Seiyukai split off to for the Kensaikai.
opposition to the policies of the ruling Rikken Seiyukai under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu.
In the 1924 General Electrion, the Kenseikai secured 150 seats, making it the largest single party in the Lower House, but without a majority.
The party was supported financially by the Mitsubishi zaibatsu
The Kenseikai merged with the Seiyu Hontō in June 1927 to form the Rikken Minseitō. |
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Term
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Definition
The Minseitō was founded on 1 June 1927, by a merger of the Kenseikai and the Seiyu Hontō political parties
The party platform was politically and economically more liberal than its major rival, the Rikken Seiyukai, calling for rule by the Diet of Japan rather than bureaucrats or genrō, elimination of disparities in wealth, international cooperation, and protection of personal liberties.[2] Its main base of support was the urban middle class, but its principle financial backing was the Mitsubishi zaibatsu.
During its tenure, the Minseitō also advocated a conciliatory foreign policy, and ratified the London Naval Agreement of 1930 |
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Term
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Definition
1. “opening of Japan” by US in 1853: gunboat diplomacy. Shapes support for “imperialism in self-defense”
2. realist and idealist arguments for empire
• Yamagata Aritomo, “lines of sovereignty, lines of advantage”
• Popular rights movement: export the Meiji Restoration. |
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