Term
| WHAT 2 FIBERS OR NERVE ENDINGS INSIDE THE CELL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLE PROPRIOCEPTION? |
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Definition
| THE GTOS AND THE MUSCLE SPINDLE FIBERS. |
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Term
| WHERE ARE THE MUSCLE SPINDLE FIBERS AND THE GTO LOCATED? |
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Definition
| THE GTO ARE INSIDE THE TENDON AND THE MUSCLE SPINDLE FIBERS ARE ACTUALLY INSIDE SKELETAL MUSCLE. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLES? |
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Definition
| EXTRAFUSAL AND INTRAFUSAL. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES EXTRAFUSAL MUSCLE FIBERS DO? |
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Definition
| THAT IS WHAT WE THINK OF WHEN WE THINK OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION. THESE ARE THE MUSCLES THAT ACTUALLY CONTRACT AND MOVE THE BONES. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE INTRAFUSAL MUSCLE FIBERS? |
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Definition
| THEY ARE THE MUSCLE FIBERS INSIDE THE MUSCLE. |
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE IS INSIDE THE INTRAFUSAL MUSCLE FIBERS? |
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Definition
| THE SPINDLE FIBERS. ALSO KNOWN AS THE MUSCLE SPINDLE INTRAFUSUAL MUSCLE FIBERS |
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Term
| ARE MUSCLE SPINDLES CONTRACTILE? |
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Definition
| NO. THIS IS BECAUSE THE MIDDLE OF THE MUSCLE SPINDLE DOESN'T CONTAIN ACTIN OR MYOSIN. |
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Term
| WHAT 2 THINGS DO WE HAVE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE MUSCLE SPINDLE FIBERS? |
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Definition
| TYPE 1A (ANNULOSPIRAL ENDING) AND TYPE 2 NUCLEAR CHAIN FIBERS |
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Term
| DESCRIBE THE ANNULOSPIRAL ENDING. |
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Definition
| THEY ARE TYPE 1A AND FUNCTION JUST LIKE THE CORD ON THE PHONE. IF THE MUSCLE GETS STRETCHED OUT THE CORD GETS STRETCHED OUT. WE CAN SAY IS THAT AS THAT MUSCLE GETS PULLED OUT, I'M STRETCHING OUT THE ANNULOSPIRAL ENDINGS. |
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE ANNULOSPIRAL ENDINGS GET STRETCHED OUT? |
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Definition
| IS SENDS A SIGNAL VIA THE 1A FIBERS TO THE SPINAL CORD. |
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Term
| DOES THE ENDS OF THE MUSCLE SPINDLES CONTAIN MYOSIN AND ACTIN? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE ENDS OF THE MUSCLE SPINDLES INNERVATED WITH? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT SETS THE SENSITIVITY OF THE ANNULOSPIRAL ENDINGS OF THE MIDDLE OF THE MUSCLE SPINDLE? |
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Definition
| THE CONTRACTILE ENDS OF THAT MUSCLE SPINDLE WILL CONTRACT AND RELAX AND THAT IS WHAT SETS THE SENSITIVITY OF THE ANNULOSPIRAL ENDINGS IN THE MIDDLE. |
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS IF THE ANNULOSPIRAL ENDING (TYPE 1A) IS TOO STRETCHED OUT WHAT DO THE ENDS DO? |
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Definition
| THEY WILL RELAX AND BRING IT BACK. SO WHAT THE ENDS OF THE MUSCLE SPINDLE DO, WHAT THE GAMMA MOTOR NEURONS DO IS THEY SET THE ANNULOSPIRAL ENDING TO THE MOST SENSITIVE POINT. WHICH MEANS THAT A SMALL AMOUNT OF STRETCH WILL START FIRING. IF THAT ANNULOSPIRAL ENDING WAS ALL SMASHED IN TOGETHER HERE IT WOULD TAKE ALOT OF STRETCH BEFORE THE 1A WOULD START FIRING. IF THEY WERE ALL STRETCHED OUT THE 1A WOULD BE CONSTANTLY FIRING. SO THE ENDINGS PUT THOSE ANNULOSPIRAL ENDINGS AT THEIR MOST SENSITIVE AREAS. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES REFLEXES SENSE? |
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Definition
| THEY SENSE NOT ONLY THE LENGTH OF THE MUSCLE, THE RESTING LENGTH OF THE MUSCLE, BUT THEN ALSO SENSE WHEN THE MUSCLE IS BEING STRETCHED. THE CONSTANT AMOUNT OF INFORMATION THAT IS COMING THROUGH THESE 1A AND TYPE 2 FIBERS ARE WHAT ALLOW US TO WALK. |
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Term
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Definition
| TENSION. THEY WILL TURN OFF MUSCLE CONTRACTION IF THERE IS TOO MUCH TENSION BEING PLACED ON THE TENDON. THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED IN WHICH YOU WOULDN'T RIP THE TENDONS OFF OF YOUR MUSCLES. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE EXTRAFUSAL FIBERS AND HOW ARE THEY INNERVATED? |
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Definition
| EXTRAFUSAL FIBER ARE THE ONES THAT CONTRACT TO ACTUALLY MOVE THE BONES. THEY ARE INNERVATED THROUGH ALPHA MOTOR NEURONS. |
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Term
| WHAT EXACTLY ARE WE DOING TO THE PATELLAR TENDON WHEN WE ARE TAPPING IT? |
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Definition
| IT IS THE SAME AS YANKING ON THE PATELLAR TENDON WHICH STRETCHES THE MUSCLES. SAME THING AS TAKING THE PATELLAR TENDON AND YANKING IT OR A SHARP PULL. |
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MUSCLE SPINDLES WHEN YOU CHECK A PATELLAR REFLEX? |
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Definition
| THE MUSCLE SPINDLE FIBERS GETS PULLED. THIS SENDS A SIGNAL VIA 1A AND TYPE 2 (NUCLEAR CHAIN FIBERS) THROUGH THE DRG, DORSAL ROOT, AND INTO THE DORSAL HORN. THEY THEN SYNAPSE ON THE VENTRAL HORN. |
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Term
| WHERE ARE THE CELL BODIES AT FOR 1A AND TYPE 2 FIBERS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT 2 TYPES OF FIBERS EXIT THE VENTRAL HORN? |
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Definition
| EFFERENT NEURONS AND ALPHA MOTOR NEURONS. |
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Term
| THE SIGNAL THAT GOES TO THE EXTENSOR QUAD AFTER A PATELLAR REFLEX CAUSES THE QUADS TO DO WHAT? |
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Definition
| CAUSES THE EXTENSOR TO CONTRACT |
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Term
| HOW DO YOU TURN A SKELETAL MUSCLE OF? |
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Definition
| AN INTERNEURON IN THE SPINAL CORD. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE INHIBITORY NEURON DO? |
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Definition
| RELEASES AN INHIBITORY NT. SO THE ALPHA MOTOR NEURON THAT IS GOING TO THE FLEXOR, THAT ALPHA MOTOR NEURON, THE CELL BODY, IS GOING TO THE FLEXOR IS GOING TO BE EXPOSED TO IPSPS. THERE IS AN EPSP ON THE CELL BODY OF THE EXTENSOR AND IPSP ON TO THE ALPHA MOTOR NEURON OF THE FLEXOR. THE ONLY WAY A LEG CAN EXTEND IF WE ACTIVATE THE EXTENSOR AND THROUGH RECIPROCAL INHIBITION INHIBIT IPSP, INHIBIT THE FLEXOR. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE GAMMA MOTOR NEURONS? |
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Definition
| IT IS TO REGULATE THE MUSCLE SPINDLE SENSITIVITY. WHY ARE SOME PATIENTS HYPOREFLEXIVE? BECAUSE MUSLCE SPINDLE SENSITIVITY. |
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Term
| IF YOU ARE INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF TENSION ON THE TENDON WHAT FIBERS ARE SENT? |
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Definition
| 1B. IT IS A SENSORY AFFERENT |
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Term
| WHERE IS THE CELL BODY OF THE 1B SENSORY AFFERENT NERVES LOCATED AT? |
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Definition
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Term
| FOR A GOLGI TENDON REFLEX HOW MANY LOCATIONS DO WE SYNAPSE AT? |
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Definition
| 2 INTERNEURONS. ONE IS AN INHIBITORY NEURON AN DONE IS AN EXCITATORY INTERNUERON. |
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Term
| FOR A GOLGI TENDON REFLEX WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN TO THE CELL BODY OF THE ALPHA MOTOR NEURON THAT IS GOING TO THE EXTENSOR THAT ALREADY HAS TOO MUCH TONE ON IT? |
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Definition
| I AM GOING TO INHIBIT THAT EXTENSOR. AT THE SAME TIME AN EXCITATORY INTERNURON IS GOING TO A FLEXOR TELLING IT TO CONTRACT. |
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Term
| DURING A GOLGI TENDON REFLEX WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU OVERRIDE THE GTO AND MAINTAIN TENSION ON QUADS? |
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Definition
| YOU WILL TEAR YOUR TENDONS THE GTO REFLEX IS USED TO PREVENT TENDON TEARS |
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF REFLEX IS THE GOLGI TENDON REFLEX AND THE STRETCH REFLEX CONSIDERED? |
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Definition
| THESE ARE SPIRAL REFELEXS. THE SIGNAL GOES TO THE SPINAL CORD AND FROM THE SINAL CORD GOES OUT TO THE MUSCLE. IT DOESN'T HAVE TO GO UP TO THE BRAIN. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE FLEXOR AND CROSSED EXTENSOR REFLEX AKA FLEXOR/EXTENSOR REFLEX? |
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Definition
| DESIGNED AS A PROTECTUVE MECHANISM TO AVOID PAINFUL STIMULI. |
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Term
| THE FLEXOR/EXTENSOR REFLEX IS CALLED A CROSS REFLEX. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? |
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Definition
| I NEED TO ACTIVATE THE FLEXORS ON ONE SIDE, BUT TO GET AWAY FROM THE PAINFUL STIMULI I HAVE TO ACTIVATE THE EXTENSOR ON THE OTHER SIDE. YOU ACTIVATE BOTH SIDES OF THE BODY. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE REASON WHY WE HAVE ASCENDING AND DESCENDING INTERNEURONS FOR FLEXOR/EXTENSOR REFLEX? |
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Definition
| RATHER THAN ACTIVATING JUST ONE PART OF THE SENSOR AND RATHER THAN ACTIVATING JUST ONE PART OF THE FLEXOR I GET THE ENTIRE EXTENSOR CONTRACTING. I GET THE ENTURE FLEXOR ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE CONTRACTING. SO UNLIKE THE 2 PREVIOUS ONES THIS ISN'T AN IPSILATERAL REFLEX IT IS A BILATERAL REFLEX. |
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Term
| THE FLEXOR AND EXTENSOR REFLEX SYNAPSES WITH 4 PARTS. WHAT ARE THEY? |
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Definition
| DESCENDING INTERNEURONS, ASCENDING INTERNEURONS, INTERNEURONS THAT CROSS THE MIDLINE AND INNERVATE MOTOR NEURONS OF MUSCLES ON CONTRALATERAL SIDE, AND INTERNUERONS TO MOTOR NEURONS OF MUSCLES ON IPSILATERAL SIDE |
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Term
| WHAT IS ANOTHER WORD FOR RECIPRICAL INHIBITION? |
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Definition
| ANTAGONISTIC INHIBITION. WHAT IS THE ANTAGONIST MUSCLE OF THE QUADS? HAMSTRONG. WHAT IS THE ANTAGONIST MUSCLE OF THE BICEPS? TRICEPS |
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Term
| DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MUSCLE GROUPS ON SITE OF INJURY AND CONTRALATERAL SIDE. |
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Definition
| ON THE SIDE OF THE STIMULIUS I AM GOING TO ACTIVATE THE FLEXOR AND INHIBIT THE EXTENSOR. ON THE CONTRALATERAL SIDE I AM GOING TO ACTIVATE THE EXTENSOR AND INHIBIT THE FLEXOR. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE ALS AND DCML STAND FOR? |
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Definition
| ANTERIOR, LATERAL SYSTEM. DORSAL COLUMN-MEDIAL LEMINISCUS SYSTEM ALSO CALLED THE POSTERIOR COLUMN |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE NEURONS THAT WE FIND IN THE DCML? |
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Definition
| TOUCH (LOCALIZATION OF STIMULI) (FINE GRADATIONS IN INTENSITY), VIBRATION, MOVEMENT, PROPRIOCEPTION, PRESSURE SENSATION. BASICALLY NON-NOXIOUS, NON-PAINFUL RESPONSE. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE NEURONS THAT WE FIND IN THE ALS? |
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Definition
| PAIN, TEMPERATURE, TICKLE, ITCH AND CRUDE NON-LOCALIZED TOUCH. SO OUR PAIN FIBERS AND TEMPERATURE FIBERS TRAVEL IN THE ALS. |
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Term
| HOW MANY NEURONS DO WE HAVE FROM THE PERIPHERALLY TO THE CEREBRAL CORTE OF THE SNS, ANS, AND SENSORY PATHWAYS? |
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Definition
| 1 FOR SOMATIC, 2 FOR ANS, AND 3 FOR SENSORY PATHWAYS. THE SENSORY PATHWAYS ARE FIRST ORDER, SECOND ORDER, AND THIRD ORDER NEURONS. |
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Term
| HOW MANY NEURONS DOES THE DCML AND ALS HAVE TO GET US FROM THE PERIPHERY TO THE PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX? |
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Definition
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Term
| IS STERIOGNOSIS FOR DCML OR ALS? |
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Definition
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Term
| RATHER I AM COMING FORM THE LOWER BODY OR COMING FROM THE UPPER LIMBS WHERE ARE THE CELL BODIES OF THE FIRST ORDER NEURONS? |
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Definition
| THE DRG. FROM THERE THOSE FIBERS WILL ENTER THE SPINAL CORD AND THEN THEY WILL ASCEND IN THE DORSAL COLUMN. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE DORSAL COLUMN CALLED? |
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Definition
| IT IS DIVIDED INTO 2 SUBCOLUMNS. THE FASICULUS GRACILUS (MEDIAL) LOWER EXTREMITIES AND THE FASICULUS CUNIATUS (LATERAL) UPPER EXTREMITIES |
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Term
| DESCRIBE THE SENSORY PATHWAYS FOR DCML AT THE BEGINNING. |
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Definition
| FROM THE LOWER LIMBS SENSORY AFFERNTS COME IN, THE CELL BODIES ARE IN THE DRG, LEAVES THE DRG COMES INTO THE DORSAL ROOT, ENTER INTO THE DORSAL COLUMN AND THEN ASCENDS INTO THE FASICULUS GRECILUS. |
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Term
| DESCRIBE THE SENSORY PATHWAYS FOR ALS AT THE BEGINNING. |
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Definition
| SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS OF MY FINGERTIPS COMES IN FROM THE DORSAL ROOT, CELL BODIES IN THE DRG, ENTER INTO THE SPINAL CORD AT THE DORSAL HORN, ENTER THE DORSAL COLUMN, SPECIFICALLY INTO THE FASICULUS CUNIATUS AND ASCEND IN THE FASICULUS CUNIATUS. |
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