Term
| WHEN WE LOOK AT SKELETAL MUSCLE WHAT WE SEE IF THAT THE WHOLE MUSLCE ITSELF IS COMPOSED OF WHAT? |
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Definition
| MUSCLE FASICULI OR MUSCLE FASICULUS. EX. CHICKEN BREAST STRING. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE FIBERS THAT COMPOSE OF THE FASICULI COMPOSED OF? |
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Definition
| MULTIPLE MYOFIBRILS. THE MUSCLE FIBER IS COMPOSED OF THOUSANDS OF MYOFIBRILS. |
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Term
| WHAT IS A MUSCLE FIBER ALSO KNOWN AS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE INSIDE OF THE MYOFIBRILS? WHAT ARE THEY MADE UP OF? |
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Definition
| MYOFILAMENTS. 2 KINDS OF PROTEINS ARE MYOSIN AND ACTIN. |
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Term
| WHERE IS THE ACTIN MADE AT? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2 STRANDS THAT ARE ROUND EACH OTHER IN A SPIRAL FASHION. IMAGINE 2 MARDI GRAS BEAD AND OU TWIST THEM AROUND EACH OTHER SO THEY FORM A SPIRAL. WHEN I TWIST THE 2 BEAD STRANDS AROUND EACH OTHER I END UP WITH A SPIRAL GROVE AROUND THAT. |
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Term
| SO WHAT IS THE SUMMARY OFR G ACTIN AND F ACTIN COMBINING? |
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Definition
| MANUFACTURED AS G ACTIN, PUT TOGETHER AS F ACTIN, 2 F ACTIN FILAMENTS WRAP AROUND EACH OTHER SO I HAVE A GROVE SPINNING BETWEEN THOSE 2 FILAMENTS. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 COMPONENTS THAT MAKE UP THE MYOSIN? |
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Definition
| A TAIL REGION THAT IS KNOWN AS A LIGHT MEROMYOSIN AND A HEAD REGION THAT IS KNOWN AS THE HEAVY MEROMYOSIN. THESE ARE 2 SEPARATE PROTEINS. |
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Term
| WHICH PART OF THE MYOSIN BINDS ACTIN? |
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Definition
| THE HEAD REGION OF HEAVY MEROMYOSIN BINDS ACTIN. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE HEAVY MEROMYOSIN HEAD CONTAIN? |
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Definition
| THE ACTIN BINDING SITES. THE ACTIN FILAMENT IS GOING TO HAVE A MYOSIN BINDING SITE. |
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Term
| WHEN YOU LOOK AT A CROSS SECTION OF A DIAGRAM OF MYOSIN AND ACTIN, THE LARGE RED DOTS ARE MYOSIN IN CROSS SECTION. THE SMALL GREY DOTS ARE THE ACTIN FILAMENTS IN CROSS SECTION. SO EVERY MYOSIN IN SURROUNDED BY HOW MANY ACTIN FILAMENTS? |
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Definition
| 6. SO AT ALL TIMES I HAVE THE MYOSIN HEAD CONNECTED TO A GENERATED TENSION IN THIS FIBER. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE CAUSE CALLING SKELETAL MUSCLE AND CARDIAC MUSCLE STRIATED? |
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Definition
| THE CAUSE OF THE STRIATIONS (A BANDS AND I BANDS) THAT OVERLAP ARE BECAUSE THE ACTIN AND MYOSIN ARE ARRANGED IN A PARALLEL FASHION. THERE ARE LIGHT AND DARK REGIONS THAT CAN BE FOUND UNDER A MICROSCOPE. |
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Term
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Definition
| THE Z LINES ARE WHERE THE ACTIN FILAMENTS COMES TOGETHER AND HELP THE OTHER. THE BLACK ZIG ZAG LINES ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE MYOSIN AND ACTIN. |
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Term
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Definition
| IN THE MIDDLES WHERE THE MYOSIN FILAMENTS COME TOGETHER AND HELP THE OTHER. |
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Term
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Definition
| THE REGION OF THE MYOSIN TAILS WHERE THE ACTIN FILAMENTS END TO WHERE THE ADJOINING ACTIN FILAMENTS ENS IF THE H ZONE. |
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Term
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Definition
| FROM THE MYOSIN HEAD, THROUGH THE M LINE TO THE OTHER MYOSIN HEAD IS KNOWN AS THE A BAND. |
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Term
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Definition
| FROM THE MYOSIN HEADS OF 1 SARCOMERE TO THE MYOSIN HEADS OF THE ADJOINING SARCOMERES IS KNOWN AS THE I BAND. |
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Term
| THE DIFFERENCE FROM Z LINE TO Z LINE IS KNOWN AS A WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT DOES MYOSIN "GRAB" TO HELP WITH CONTRACTION? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MYOSIN HEAD WHEN CALCIUM IS PRESENT? |
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Definition
| WHEN CALCIUM IS PRESENT WHAT HAPPENS THIS THAT THE MYOSIN HITS, BENDS, AND IT PULLS THE ROPE WHICH PULLS THE WALL TOWARD THE M LINE. SO THE 2 ZLINES CAN BE PULLED TOWARD THE MIDDLE. THE MUSCLE SHORTENS. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES SARCOMERES DO DURING SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION? |
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Definition
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Term
| DOES THE A BAND HAVE A CHANGE IN LENGH? |
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Definition
| THERE IS NO CHANGE IN LENGTH. THEY ARE GOING TO RESET AND GRAB THE NEXT MARDI GRAS BEAD IN LINE AND PULL THAT ONE IN, THEY ARE GOING TO LET GO RESET AND GRAV THE NEXT MARDI GRAS BEAD IN LINE AND PULL THAT ONE IE. |
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO DO I BAND WITH CONTRACTION? |
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Definition
| SHORTENS. THE 2 MYOSIN HEADS ON THE ADJACENT SARCOMERES GET CLOSER AND CLOSER. |
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Term
| DESCRIBE SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY. |
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Definition
| A THEORY IN WHICH BANDS OR ZONES ARE SHORTENED OR WITHOUT CHANGE DURING A CONTRACTION. THE A BAND STAY THE AME AND THE I BANDS SHORTEN. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE SARCOMERE DO? SHORTEN, LENGTHEN, OR STAY THE SAME WITH EACH CONTRACTION? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE H ZONE WITH CONTRACTION? |
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Definition
| IT SHORTENS. THE ACTIN TO ACTIN HERE FOR THE ADJACENT SARCOMERES AND AS THOSE ACTIN FILAMENTS MOVE TOWARD THE M LINE THAT H ZONE IS GOING TO GET SHORTER AND SHORTER. THE H ZONES IS FROM THE END OF THE ACTIN FILAMENT OF 1 SARCOMERE TO THE END OF ACTIN FILAMENT ON THE ADJACENT SARCOMERE. THOSE 2 COME TOGETHER. |
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Term
| IS THE A BAND A LIGHT OR DARK BAND? |
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Definition
| NO LIGHT= DARK BAND. OUR A BAND CONTAINS THE MYOSIN AND ACTIN. SO IF I TRUELY SHINE LIGHT THROUGH MYOSIN AND ACTIN NOTICE THAT I AM NOT GOING TO GET A LOT OF LIGHT BETWEEN THAT SHORT GAP IN MY FINGERS. |
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Term
| IS THE I BAND A LIGHT OR DARK BAND? |
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Definition
| LIGHT. I BAND CONTAIN THOSE THIN ACTIN FILAMENTS ONLY. I CAN ALLOW A LOT OF LIGHT TO GO THROUGH THIS REGION. |
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Term
| IS THE H BAND LIGHT OR DARK? |
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Definition
| LIGHT. THE H ZONE IF THE BAND THAT CONTAINS THE MYOSIN TAILS ONLY. SO A GOOD DEAL OF LIGHT CAN GO THROUGH THAT H ZONE. BUT NOT AS MUCH AS I CAN GET THROUGH THE I BAND. WHY? BECAUSE THE MYOSIN TAILS ARE MUCH THICKER THAN THE ACTIN FILAMENTS. |
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Term
| ARE MOTOR NEURONS, SKELETAL MOTOR NEURONS, AND ALPHA MOTOR NEURONS THE SAME THING? SO WHEN WE SAY ALPHA MOTOR NEURON THINK SKELETAL MUSCLE. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE DOES ALPHA MOTOR NEURONS HAVE THEIR CELL BODIES? |
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Definition
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Term
| DESCRIBE THE CELL SURFACE OF A MYOSITE. |
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Definition
| THE WAY THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED IS THAT WHERE THE ALPHA MOTOR NEURON FORMS THE NMJ THE CELL SURFACE OF THE MYOSITE IS NOT ACTUALLY SMOOTH, BUT IT HAS WHAT IS KNOWN AS SUBNEURAL CLEFTS. THIS INCREASES THE SURFACE AREA. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO FIND ON THE SURFACE OF SKELETAL MYOSITES? |
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Definition
| ACH RECEPTORS. THEREFORE, THE MORE SA I HAVE THE MORE ACH RECEPTORS I CAN HAVE. BY PUTTING THESE SUBNEURAL CLEFTS IN TO PLACE ON THE MUSCLE MEMBRANE NOTICE THAT I CAN INCREASE THE NUMBER OF ACH RECEPTORS BY AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE. |
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Term
| BASICALLY WHAT DOES THE DALE PRINCIPAL STATE? |
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Definition
| THAT A NEURON WILL RELEASE A NEUROTRANSMITTER. A CHOLINERGIC NEURON WILL RELEASE ACH. IT DOESN'T RELEASE A CATECHOLAMINE. EACH NEURON CAN RELEASE 1 AND ONLY 1 NT. |
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Term
| GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN AUTORECEPTOR. |
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Definition
| THE AUTORECPTOR BINDS THE AME NT THAT IS CONTAINED IN THE SYNAPTIC VESICLES AND THE SAME NT THAT IS RELEASED INTO THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT FROM THE VESICLES. |
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Term
| A BUNDLE OF MYOFIBRILS IS REFERRED AS A WHAT? |
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Definition
| A MYOCYTE, A MUSCLE FIBER. |
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Term
| WHERE IS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE ON A MYOCYTE? WHAT IS IT CALLED? |
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Definition
| ON THE OUTSIDE. A SARCOLEMMA. |
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Term
| IF YOU HAVE A BUNDLE OF PENCILES (MYOFIBRIL) IN SARAN WRAP WHICH CREATES A MYOCYTE HOW DO YOU DEPOLARIZE THE MUSCLES DEEP INSIDE? |
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Definition
| THE T (TRANSVERSE) TUBULE. THE T TUBULES ARE NOTHING MORE THAN AN INVAGINATION OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE. THE CELL SURFACE DIPS DOWN THEN COMES BACK UP AND COMES OUT ON THE OTHER SIDE. THESE T TUBULES, WITH THESE INVAGINATIONS POKING DEEP INTO THE CELL TO GET TO THE ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS THAT ARE DEEP. |
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Term
| WHAT ION CAUSES DEPOLARIZATION OF THE SARCOLEMMA? WHAT DOES THAT DEPOLARIZATION ACTIVATE? |
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Definition
| NA. THAT DEPOLARIZATION ACTIVATES VOLTAGE GATED NA CHANNELS. |
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Term
| COMPARED TO A NEURON SENDING TRANSMISSIONS HOW DOES A MUSCLE CELL SEND TRANSMISSTIONS? |
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Definition
| INSTEAD OF THE AXON WE HAVE THE SARCOLEMMA. WE MOVE DOWN THE SURFACE OF A SARCOLEMMA UNTIL WE GET TO A T TUBULE. THEN WE GO INSIDE OF THE CELL. I'M STILL ON THE SARCOLEMMA BECAUSE THE T UTBULE IS NOTHING MORE THAN AN INVAGINATION OF THE SARCOLEMMA. |
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Term
| AS THE ACTION POTENTIALS DIVE DOWN INTO THE SUBNUERAL CLEFTS WHAT IS THE SPECIALIZED RECEPTOR CALLED? ARE THEY VOLTAGE SENSITIVE? |
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Definition
| DHP DIHYDROPYRIDINE. YES! |
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Term
| WHAT ARE ON THE INTRACELLULAR SURFACES OF THE DHP RECEPTORS? WHERE ARE THEY EXACTLY LOCATED AT? |
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Definition
| RYANODINE RECEPTORS. THE RYANODINE RECEPTOS ARE FOUND ON THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE DHP RECEPTOR DO TO THE RYANODINE RECEPTOR IF DHP RECEIVES AND ACTION POTENTIAL? |
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Definition
| THE DHP TAKES THE RYANODINE RECEPTOR AND CAUSES A CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE "TO PULL THE PLUG IN THE BATHTUB" WHICH RELEASES CALCIUM FROM THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM INTO THE CYTOSOL OF THE CELL. THIS CAUSES AN INTRACELLULAR INCREASE OF CALICUM BY 10 FOLDS. |
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Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE DHP/RYANODINE WHEN THE STIMULATION STOPS? |
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Definition
| WHEN THE DHP RECEPTOR PUSHES RYANODINE PLUG BACK INTO PLACE I HAVE Z BUNCH OF CALCIUM THAT IS STILL OUT IN THE CYTOSOL. |
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Term
| HOW DO YOU GET THE CALCIUM BACK INTO THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM? |
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Definition
| CALCIUM ATPASE. TAKING IT BACK REQUIRES ENERGY. |
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Term
| SO WHAT CAUSES CALCIUM RELEASE ONCE DHP CAUSES A CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE TO THE RYANODINE RECEPTOR? |
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Definition
| CALCIUM RELEASE IS DUE TO A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. |
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