Term
| WHAT IS AN IDEAL ANESTHETIC? |
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Definition
| RAPID ONSET AND REVERSABLE. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 PHASES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA |
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Definition
| INDUCTION, MAINTENANCE, AND EMERGENCE |
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Term
| WHEN DOES INDUCTION BEGIN? |
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Definition
| WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF AN ANESTHETIC DRUG TO INDUCE A STATE OF ANESTHESIA AND/OR UNCONSCIOUSNESS. |
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Term
| WHAT CONSIST OF THE ASA STANDARD MONITORS? |
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Definition
| B/P, EKG, PULSE OX. BASELINE V.S. SHOULD BE OBTAINED PRIOR TO INDUCTION |
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Term
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Definition
| THE REMOVAL OF NITROGEN WITH 100% O2 IN PATIENT'S FRC. IT IS BENEFICIAL BECAUSE IT BUYS US TIME FOR INSTRUMENTATION OF THE AIRWAY. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES PREOXYGENATION CONSIST OF? |
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Definition
| 100% O2 VIA FACE MASK (8L/MIN) FOR 3-5 MINUTES. OR 8 VITAL CAPACITY BREATHS. MAY USE 4 VITAL CAPACITY BREATHS ALTHOUGH THE O2 SAT MAY DROP DOWN QUICKER. |
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Term
| NAME THE 2 TYPE OF INDUCTION TECHNIQUES. |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW DO YOU PERFORM THE REGULAR INDUCTION TECHNIQUE? |
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Definition
| AFTER PREOXYGENATION YOU GIVE YOUR INDUCTION AGENT. WHEN THEIR IS A LOC YOU MANUALLY VENTILATE TO MAKE SURE THE VENTILATION IS OCCURING AND THEN YOU INTUBATE. THIS IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED METHOD R/T AN EMPTY STOMACH. |
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Term
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Definition
| A METHOD OF INTUBATION SPECIFICALLY TO PREVENT ASPIRATION. FIRST THING YOU DO IS PROVIDE CRIC PRESSURE WHICH IS HELD THROUGHOUT ESTABLISHING AIRWAY. YOU RAPIDLY ADMINISTER A SEDATIVE AND NMB. ONCE THE ETT IS CONFIRMED AND THE CUFF IS INFLATED YOU CAN RELEASE CRIC PRESSURE. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT NO VENTILATION OCCURS DURING RSI BECAUSE AIR THAT GOES INTO THE STOMACH MAY CAUSE VOMITING WHICH RESULTS IN ASPIRATION. |
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Term
| WHAT SHOULD WE NOT GIVE FOR A PT WHO HAS AN LMA? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHEN DOES PT'S EYELIF REFLEX BECOME ABSENT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MIXTURE USED FOR INDUCTION OF CHILDREN? |
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Definition
| 70% N20 AND 30% O2 ALONG WITH EITHER DES OR SEV ALTHOUGH SEV IS MOSTLY USED. |
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Term
| WHAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT ABOUT PEDI INDUCTION IN TERM OF GAS PREPARATION? |
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Definition
| THAT THE CIRCUIT IS PRIMED |
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Term
| WHAT SHOULD MAINTENANCE PROVIDE? ( COMPONENTS OF ANESTHETIC STATE) |
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Definition
| UNCONSCIOUSNESS, AMNESIA, ANALGESIA, IMMOBILITY, MUSCLE RELAXATION, AND CONTROL OF ANS RESPONSE TO NOXIOUS STIMULI. |
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Term
| WHAT IS IMPORTANT DURING EMERGENCE IN RELATION TO NMB DRUGS? |
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Definition
| DO NOT READMINISTER MUSCLE RELAXANTS DURING THE EMERGENCE PHASE. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT ADEQUATE RECOVERY FROM NMB AGENTS SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED PRIOR TO EXTUBATION. |
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Term
| WHY DO WE ADMINISTER 100% O2 FOR 5-10 MINUTES PRIOR TO EXTUBATION? |
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Definition
| TO PREVENT DIFFUSION HYPOXIA. THIS IS WHEN N20 DIFFUSES TO AIRFILLED SPACES. IT DIFFUSES RAPIDLY FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE ALVEOLI. |
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Term
| WHAT DO WE ALWAYS DO PRIOR TO ET TUBE REMOVAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT STAGES CAN PTS BE EXTUBATED IN? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHEN DO WE PERFORM A DEEP EXTUBATION? |
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Definition
| WHEN THE PRESENCE OF AN ETT IS TO BE AVOIDED DURING EMERGENCE TO PREVENT BUCKING, COUGHING, AND STRAINING RESPONSE TO ETT; AVOIDANCE OF CV RESPONSE TO ETT, AVOIDANCE OF BRONCHOSPASM IN A PATIENT AT LOW RISK FOR ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC CONTENTS. |
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Term
| WHAT IS A CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR DEEP EXTUBATION? |
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Definition
| FULL STOMACH, SEVERE GERD, DIFFICULT INTUBATION/VENTILATION, RISK OF REGURGITATION AND/OR ASPIRATION; OBESITY |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 4 EXTUBATION CRITERIA? |
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Definition
| 1) THE PATIENT IS CONSCIOUS AND RESPONDING TO SIMPLE COMMANDS. IF FULL STOMACH OR HIGH RISK OF REGURGITATION, OR IF DIFFICULT INTUBATION, EXTUBATE PATIENT ONLY WHEN FULLY AWAKE. 2) PATIENT HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE, NORMOTHERMIC, NOT HAVING RECEIVED MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF FLUIDS 3) ADEQUATE SPONTANEOUS VENTILATION WITH TIDAL VOLUME >8ML/KG, RATE >8, ETCO2 IN NML LIMITS. 4) ADEQUATE REVERAL OF NMBS, SUSTAINED HEAD LIFT OR SUSTAINED TETANUS. * HAND STRENGTH OF TOF NOT RELIABLE |
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Term
| WHAT TYPE OF PATIENTS ARE NOT A GOOD CANDIDATE FOR MAC? |
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Definition
| CHILDREN, CONFUSED PATIENTS, UNCOOPERATIVE PATIENTS, UNABLE TO FOLLOW COMMANDS, PATIENTS WITH TREMORS, AND PATIENTS UNABLE TO LIE DOWN FLAT. |
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Term
| WHAT REGIONS ARE CONVEX AND WHAT REGIONS ARE CONCAVED? |
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Definition
| THE CERVICAL AND LUMBAR REGIONS ARE CONVEXED ANTERIORLY. THE THORACIC AND SACRUM REGIONS IS CONCAVED POSTERIORLY. |
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Term
| WHICH SIDE IS THE BODY OF THE VERTEBRAE LOCATED ON AND WHICH SIDE IS THE SPINOUS PROCESS LOCATED ON? |
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Definition
| THE BODY IS THE ANTERIOR PART WHEREAS THE SPINOUS PROCESS IF THE DORSAL (POSTERIOR) PART. |
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Term
| HOW MANY VERTEBRAE ARE THERE? |
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Definition
| 7 CERVICAL, 12 THORACIC, 5 LUMBAR, 5 SACRAL, AND SMALL COCCYGEAL. THERE ARE 24 VERTEBRAL BONES. |
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Term
| WHERE DO THE SPINOUS NERVES EXIT AT? |
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Definition
| THE INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN |
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Term
| WHICH CERVICAL VERTEBRAE IS THE ATLAS AND AXIS? |
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Definition
| C1 IS ATLAS AND C2 IS AXIS |
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Term
| WHAT SUPPORTS THE ANTERIOR PART OF THE SPINAL COLUMN? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT LIGAMENTS SUPPORTS THE SPINAL COLUMN DORSALY? |
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Definition
| SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT, INTERSPONOUS LIGAMENT, AND LIGAMENT FLAVUM. |
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Term
| IDENTIFY WHERE THE BODY, VERTEBRAL FORAMEN, PEDICLE, LAMINA, TRANSVERSE PROCESS, SPINOUS PROCESS, SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS, INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS, ACCESSORY PROCESS, MAMMILIARY PROCESS ARE? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ARTICULAR FACET FOR SACRUM |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 LAYERS OF THE MENINGES? |
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Definition
| SPINAL CORD (PIA, ARRACHNOID AND DURA) |
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Term
| WHERE DOES THE SPINAL CORD END AND WHAT IS THAT CALLED? |
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Definition
| L1 IN ADULTS AND L3 IN CHILDREN. THIS LOCATION IS CALLED THE CONUS MEDULLARIS. |
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Term
| WHAT VERTEBRAL SPACE DO WE USE IN A CHILD FOR REGIONAL OR SPINAL ANESTHESIA? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE DOES THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR NERVE ROOTS AT EACH LEVEL JOIN AND EXIT THE SPINAL CANAL THROUGH? |
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Definition
| THE INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA |
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Term
| WHERE DOES THE CERVICAL NERVE ROOTS EXIT AT? |
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Definition
| ABOUT THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE EXCEPT FOR CERVICAL NERVE 8 WHICH EXITS BELOW C7. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE FILUM TERMINALE? |
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Definition
| IT IS AN EXTENSION OF THE PIA MATER WHICH PENETRATES THE DURA AND EXTENDS TO THE PERIOSTEUM OF THE COCCYX. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE CAUDA EQUINE AND WHERE IS IT LOCATED? |
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Definition
| THE NERVE GROUP IN LOWER SURAL SAC. IT EXTENDS FROM L1 TO S5. |
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Term
| WHERE DOES THE DURAL SAC AND SUBARACHNOID SPACE USUALLY EXTEND TO IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN? |
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Definition
| S2 IN ADULTS AND S3 IN CHILDREN |
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Term
| WHERE DOES THE DURA MATER END? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH ONE IS FASTER EPIDURAL OR SPINAL AND WHY? |
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Definition
| SPINAL IS FASTER AND REQUIRES A LESS AMOUNT OF DRUG BECAUSE IT IS IN THE CSF. |
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Term
| WHAT SYMPTOMS WILL FALL IN ORDER FOR LA TOXICITY? |
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Definition
| LIGHTHEADEDNESS, TINNITUS, CIRCUMORAL AND TONGUE NUMBNESS, THEN GOES THROUGH VISUAL DISTURBANCED, MUSCULAR TWITCHING, CONVULSIONS, UNCONSCIOUSNESS, COMA, RESPIRATORY ARREST, AND CVS DEPRESSION. THIS COMMONLY RESULTS FROM AN INADVERTENT VASCULAR INJECTION IN THE EPIDURAL SPACE. |
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Term
| THE HIGHEST BLOOD LEVELS OF LA OCCUR IN WHAT ORDER? |
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Definition
| INTERCOSTAL BLOCKS, CAUDAL BLOCKS, EPIDRUAL, BRACHIAL PLEXUS, IV REGIONAL, AND LOWER EXTREMITY BLOCKS. |
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Term
| WHAT IS IMPORANT THAT YOYU PREPARE DURING AN PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCK? |
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Definition
| FULL RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE AT BEDSIDE. MONITORS SHOULD BE USED ALONG WITH US. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MAIN MECHANISM FOR CV CHANGES? |
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Definition
| SYMPATHETIC CHAIN IN WHICH DURING NEURAXIAL ANESTHESIA SPINAL ANESTHESIA DENERVATES THIS. THE EXTENT OF SYMPATHECTOMY IS DETERMINED BY BLOCK HEIGHT. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON SIDE EFFECTS FOR SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION? |
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Definition
| HYPOTENSION AND BRADYCARDIA |
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Term
| WHERE DOES THE VASOMOTOR TONE DETERMINED BY? |
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Definition
| THE SYMPATHETIC FIBERS ARISING FROM T5-L1. BLOCKS BELOW T4 (T5 AND LOWER) RESULTS IN DECREASED VASOMOTOR TONE, VENODILATION LEADS TO POOLING WHICH THUS DECREASES VENOUS RETURN WHICH DECREASES CO. A BLOCK ABOUT T4 MAY BLOCK THE CARDIAC ACCELERATOR FIBERS THAT ARISE FROM T1 TO T4. |
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Term
| WHERE IS THE PRINCIPAL SITE BELIEVED TO BE FOR EPIDURALS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE ONSET OF A CAUDAL OR EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF EPIDURALS IN COMPARISON TO SPINAL? |
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Definition
| LARGER VOLUME COMPARED TO SPINALS. IN ADULTS 1-2ML OF LA PER SEGMENT TO BE BLOCKED IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED GUIDELINES. |
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Term
| WHAT IS A TUFFIER;S LINE? |
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Definition
| A LINE BETWEEN THE HIGHEST POINTS OF BOTH ILIAC CREST USUALLY CROSSES EITHER THE BODY OF L4 OR THE L4-L5 INTERSPACE. |
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