All the known sensing mechanisms in both simple and complex nervous systems have at least the following in common:

1.

2.

3.

1. A stimulous-detector unit- consisting of a specialized sensory receptor neuron

2. An initial receiving center where neurons receive convergent information from groups of detector units.

3. One or more secondary receiving and integrating centers where neurons receive information from groups of initial receiver neurons.

Sensation: Vision

Sensing System: __________

Quality and Receptors:

________: _______

________: _______ 

________: _______ 

________: _______ 

________: _______ 

Sensation:

Sensing System: Retina

Quality and Receptors:

Brightness: Rods

Contrast: Cones

Motion: Rods and Cones

Size: Rods and Cones

Color: Cones

Sensation: Hearing

Sensing System: _________

Quality: ______, _________
Receptors: ___________

Sensation:

Sensing System: Cochlea

Quality: Pitch, Tone

Receptors: Hair Cells

Sensation: Equilibrium

Sensing System: ________

Quality: ______, ______

Sensation:

Sensing System: Vestibular Organ

Quality: Gravity, Rotation

Receptors: Macula Cells, Vestibular Cells

Sensation: Touch

Sensing System: _______, _______

Quality & Receptors:

_________:_________
_________:_________

_________:_________

Sensation:

Sensing System: Skin, Internal Organs

Quality & Receptors:

Pressure: Ruffini corpulscles

Tempurature: Merkerl discs

Vibration: Pacinian corpuscles

Sensation: Taste

Sensing System: ________

Quality & Receptors:

_________:_________

_________:_________

_________:_________

_________:_________

Sensation:

Sensing System: Tounge

Quality and Receptors:

Sweet: Taste Buds at tip of the tounge

Salty:  Taste Buds at tip of the tounge

Sour: Taste Buds at base of the toung

Bitter: Taste Buds at base of the toung

Sensation: Smell

Sensing System: ________

Quality & Receptor:

_________:_________

_________:_________

_________:_________

Sensation: 

Sensing System: Olfactory epithelium

Quality: Floral, Fruity, Musky, Pungent

Receptors: Olfactory receptors

Sensation:Vision

Primary Level (level 1): __________

Secondary Level (level 2): _________

Tertiary (level 3): ___________

Sensation:

Primary Level (level 1):

Retina

Secondary Level (level 2):

Lateral geniculate nucleus, Superior colliculus, Hypothalamus

Sensation:Hearing

Primary Level (level 1): __________

Secondary Level (level 2): _________

Sensation:

Primary Level (level 1):

Cochlear nuclei

Secondary Level (level 2):

Lemniscal, collicular, and medial geniculate nuclei

Sensation:Equlibrium

Primary Level (level 1): __________

Secondary Level (level 2): _________

Sensation:

Primary Level (level 1):

Vestibular nuclei

Secondary Level (level 2):

Thalamus, Spinal Cord, Oculomotor nuclei, Brainstem, Cerebellum

Sensation:Touch

Primary Level (level 1): __________

Secondary Level (level 2): _________

Sensation:

Primary Level (level 1):

Spinal Cord or Brainstem

Secondary Level (level 2):

Thalamus

Sensation:Smell

Primary Level (level 1): __________

Secondary Level (level 2): _________

Sensation:

Primary Level (level 1):

Olfactory Bulb

Secondary Level (level 2):

Piriform Cortex

Sensation:Taste

Primary Level (level 1): __________

Secondary Level (level 2): _________

Sensation:

Primary Level (level 1):

Medulla

Secondary Level (level 2):

Thalamus